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details 
ues  du 
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ger  une 
I  filmage 


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/ 
i6es 


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empreinte. 


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shall  contain  the  j/mbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  '  END  "), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


ire 


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different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
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required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  §tre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  ii.est  filmd  d  partir 
de  i'angle  supdiieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


3y  errata 
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agon  d 


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■  \  / 


THE 

GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS 


WITH  AN  INTRODUCTION  AND  A 
SKETCH  OF  THE  CONSPIRACY  OP 
PONTIAC,    BY    CHARLES    MOORE 


(    i 


LANSING,   MICH. 

ROBBRT    SMITH    PRINTING    CO. 

1897 


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THE 

GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS 


WITH  AX  FNTRODUCTION  AND  A 
SKETCH  OF  TUK  COXSPIRACV  OF 
PONTIAC.     HV    CHAKLKS     MOOllK 


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LANSING,    MICH. 
ROHERT    SMITH    PRINTING     Cd. 

1807 
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TIIK     (iLADWIN      MAMSCKIITS. 


'I'OCK'rilKK  WITH   AX    TXTIMUrc  TION    AND  AX    1 1  ISl'oKK  A  I .   SKI:T(  II 
n[-    i'lIK  (  ()N.SIMI!A(  A'  OF  l'()N'J"IA(  . 


IIV     CHAHI.KS     MOOKK. 


1  Kt'prillli'it    Until    llii'    Mli-liii.Mli    I'iniii'i'i-   iiikI    HKliiiiiMl    (  olIcctioiiN,    \'()1.  '.T 


i.vrK<)i)r( 'i'lox. 

Pontine  has  a  well  (IciiiuMl  i)IiU't'  in  tiie  :  jry  of  this  country.  The 
temporary  success  of  his  ii;vvi\t  conspinicy  apainst  the  English  and  his 
tragic  death  by  the  hand  of  an  assassin;  and  especially  the  fact  that  he 
embodied  in  his  own  person  I  he  most  formidable  protest  against  the 
encroachments  of  the  wliites  on  the  hunting  grounds  of  the  red  men,  have 
combined  to  make  him  the  heroic  ligui-e  in  northwestern  history  during 
the  years  between  the  surrender  of  Canada  to  the  English  and  the  War 
of  the  Revolution,  Moreover,  the  genius  of  I'arkman  has  jnade  it  cer- 
tain that  tlie  name  of  I'ontiac  will  never  cease  to  be  remembered  among 
English  spe.aking  people  on  this  continent. 

What  changes  might  have  taken  place  in  the  development  of  the  north- 
west had  Pontiac's  conspiracy,  been  successful,  can  only  be  surmised. 
That  he  was  foiled  in  his  great  purpose  and  after  many  minor  successes 
was  compelled  in  the  end  to  acknowledge  defeat  was  due  to  the  unex- 
ampled intrepidity,  carefulness  and  soldierly  training  of  one  man.  The 
sagacity  of  Henry  (Madwin  and  his  success  in  withstanding  the  long 
siege  of  Detroit,  mark  him  as  one  of  the  very  few  great  Indian  fighters 
in  our  history.  And  yet  when  one  inquires  as  to  Gladwin's  history, 
before  or  after  the  siege  of  Detroit,  one  iinds  even  on  the  pages  of  Park- 
man  nothing  but  a  misspelled  name. 

Pour  years  ago,  the  writer  began  the  task  of  getting  together  what 
facts  were  known  as  to  Gladwin's  career.  On  appealing  to  Mr.  Park- 
man  in  person,  the  result  was  a  charming  morning  among  the  roses  at  his 
home  on  the  banks  of  Jamaica  Pond;  but  no  information.     Nor  did  a  pro- 


\]i 


J  J 


TiiK  (!r,ATnviy  manuscripth. 


Ion^(>(1  sciircli  .-iiiKin^'  (lie  I'MrUiiiiiii  iiiaiiiiHci'ipIs  in  llif  MiisNacIiiiHoHN 
JliH(<»ri(iil  Socitiv  IJInaiv  iidtl  iiiiicli  to  llic  iiicaj,'!*'  slock  <tf  knowltHl^c 
iilrciid.v  aviiiliililc.  The  llMliliniiUKl  iiud  ltoii(|iici  collcctioiiH  of  Icth-i-H 
wrrc  (li'invu  upon  Itotli  ;is  llicy  iippcnr  in  piirl  in  llic  pnltlislicd  vcdiinit's 
of  the  Micliiniin  I'ionccr  and  liiHiorical  Socicly  and  as  Wwy  cxiHt  cnlirc 
in  niannscripl  foi'ni  al  Ollawa;  iail  licrc  ajjain  (iif  icsnils  were  simply 
taiilali/.iu^. 

McanUnw,  a  scarcli  (liron};li  (lie  lllcs  of  liic  (IcnIicnjau'HMafj'azino  from 
ITo") — the  dale  of  (iladwin'H  coming  to  Anifi-icu — to  the  cud  of  tlio  ecu 
(HIT.  yielded  I  he  dale  of  iiis  death  (17!U),  and,  what  was  more  important, 
(lie  (hiles  of  (he  marriaf^es  of  sevi'ial  of  his  (hiiiyliters.  II  so  hajjpens 
that  tlie  family  into  which  Mary,  (iladwin's  tidrd  daiif?hter,  nmrried. 
tinds  a  jdace  in  Itnrke's  Tonnly  Families,  and  after  repeated  importuni- 
ties, a  lelter  was  received  from  (he  preHen(  represeu(ative  of  (hat  family, 
1{.  1).  <le  li»hau;;h.  of  llollinj-liourne,  near  Maidstone,  who  referred  the 
writer  to  Kev.  Henry  (iladwyu  -leltb,  of  Fiibeck  Hail,  liotherham,  York- 
shire, who  look  a  decided  interest  in  (he  ma(ter,  and  wli(»  kindly  sent  the 
manuscripts,  copies  of  which  are  j,nven  below. 

NVith  the  assistance  of  (lie  descendants  of  (ien.  (Mad win  the  following 
facts  in  regard  to  his  life  were  brought  to  light : 


HENRY   tJLADWIN. 

The  (Jladwin  family  traces  its  descent  from  Thomas  Gladwin,  who 
lived  at  r.oythrope.  county  Derby,  and  who  was  born  about  1G05.  He 
was  the  father  of  Thomas  Gladwin,  Kscj.,  justice  of  the  peace,  of  Tupton 
Hall,  who  wii^s  baptized  in  IGSO,  and  was  high  slieritt"  of  Derby  county  in 
1(!G7.  In  1(!()0  he  had  a  grant  of  arms.  lUs  eldest  son  was  Lemuel,  from 
whom  descended  Miss  Lord,  of  Tupton  Hall.  Another  son,  John,  had  a 
daughter,  Doiothy,  who  niariied  the  Kight  Honorable,  the  Earl  of  New- 
bui'gli;  and  another  daughter,  Jane,  who  nuirried  Gen.  William  Wyn- 
yard.  Tliere  were  nlso  two  naughters,  ^lary  and  Dorothy.  The  second 
son  of  Thomas  was  Henry  Gladwin,  with  whom  we  have  to  do.^ 

Henry  Gladwin  was  born  in  17;{().  The  first  record  of  him  is  found  in 
the  British  Army  Lists  for  1753.  in  which  he  appears  as  a  lieutenant  of 
the  4Sth  foot  (advanced  from  2d  lieutenant,  Irish  half-pay).  From  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine*  of  11')')  we  learn  that  Gladwin  was  a  subaltern  in 
Colonel  Dunbar's  regiment  at  the  time  of  the  IJraddock  defeat  at  Little 
Meadows,  and  that  he  was  among  those  who  showed  bravery  on  that  oc- 
casion is  i)roved  l)y  the  fact  that  he  was  among  the  eight  wounded  sub- 

'  From  a  jiriiitcd  slip   lurnishod  by  ('apt.    Richard  Hbary  Goodwin  Gladwyn,  of  Hinchloywood, 
DerbyshirD. 


THK  (JLADWIN    MANUSCltll'TH. 


007 


iiltcniH  of  liis  rfnimciil.  livf  of  liis  fellow  lifiiloiiimls  liiivin^  Ixm-ii  killcil. 
HIh  iiaiiio  is  s|»i'ilt'tl  ••(lliiiiilwin'  in  the  rfporl.  Iml  is  coircrtlv  siicllcd  in 
(iciK'i'iil  llfiiddorU'soitlcrlv  1 k  No.  1'.  lis  n-priiilfd  in  liOwdt'iiiiilk'H  His- 
tory of  Cnnilx'iliinil.  II  wiis  diiiiii^'  (his  tiini|>iiij{ii  lliiil  (iliidwiii  ciinu' 
under  the  notltc  of  !.ifulcn;iii(  Colonel  (!iij;(\  willi  wlioiii  he  suslnined 
most  friendly  reliilions  in  nfler  veins.-  It  would  lie  very  inteieslinn  (o 
know  if  ill  lliis  lime  :i  peisoiiiil  ii<(|uiiinl;iine  wjis  formed  between  Lieu- 
tenant (iliidwiii  iind  Tieoitfe  Wnsliin^i loll.  Init  coiitiiiiii'd  seiireli  Ihrouuli 
every  hook  iind  doeiiiiienl  likely  to  shed  li;;iil  on  this  iiiiitler  fnils  (o  ^'Ivc; 
even  the  slij;liteHt   infoiiiiiitioii  on  the  siiliji'ct. 

in  it  letter  from  Sir  detViey  AiiihersI  to  Lord  Ihirrlnuton.  Secretary  ftt 
War,  dated  Crown  Point.  .\iif,nist  111.  IT.V.t.  we  tlnd  Ihic  mention  of 
(i  lad  win:' 

"1  now  enclose  to  your  Lordship  *  *  as  likewise  a  coiiy  of  a  Ciuii- 
"inissiou  to  serve  as  Major  duriii^r  the  Cainpaittn  that  I  Ihoii^'ht  necessai'y 
"for  the  pood  of  llis  Majesty's  Servire  lo  "iiaiit  to  <'aptaiii  Cladwin  as 
"Eldest  Captain  of  (Jape's,  as  Major  (o  thai  KejiiiiK'nt-  *  *  I  hope  my 
"havinp  ajtpointed  Majors  to  the  (Vu'ps  diiiinp  the  <'ampaipn  will  meet 
"with  His  Majesty's  pracious  apiirobalion." 

On  May  28,  17G(>,  C.cn.  AinlK'rst  ordered  (lladwiu  from  New  York  by 
way  of  Fort  IMtt,  to  relieve  Nlapara.  On  his  Avay  he  was  to  leave  1.^0 
men  at  I'resii'  Isle  where  lie  was  to  throw  up  an  intrenchment.'  On  his 
way  acr«>ss  Lake  Erie,  (Jladwiii  made  a  chart  of  the  coast. 

On  Sopteinbor  9,  VaudnMiil  announced  to  the  lieaujou  at  .Midiilimack- 
inac,  the  capitulation  of  Montreal;  and  on  October  IS.  Monckl(ui  wrote 
to  Rouqu.^t  that  Amherst  had  ordered  Major  Kobert  Hopers  to  Michili- 
mackinac  to  take  possession  of  the  uiiper  posts.  With  Hopers  went 
Captain  Camiibell  with  a  detachment  to  parrison  Detroit.  On  the  same 
day  .\nihersl  wrote  from  Crown  Point  to  the  Duke  of  Itichmond:' 

"I  really  am  sorry  that  Your  Orace's  l»roieclion  t(»  Captain  (lladwiu 
"with  the  mention  you  were  ])leased  lo  mak<'  of  his  ]»roniolion,  has  not 
"been  attended  with  better  success.  I  would  renew  my  ajiplication  to 
"Lord  Barrinpton,  but  I  can  exi)ect  no  pood  elfect  from  it,  since  your 
"Grace's  mentioninp  Cajilain  (lladwiu  has  not  taken  jilace;  this  is  the 
"second  Campaipn  I  have  piven  him  a  Commission  to  serve  as  Major,  and 
"if  I  may  be  allowed  to  forpet  for  a  moment  that  he  is  recommended  by 
"Y'our  Grace,  it  is  a  justice  I  owe  to  his  Services,  to  say,  the  manner  in 
"which  he  has  at  all  times  commanded  Gape's  (the  SOth  Foot)  C<u-ps  does 


2  See  letter,  (aadwin  to  Oape,  in  Olddwiu  MSS 


<  Monckton  to  Bountiet,  ',u\y  fi,  176(1,     lijiMuet  Tapor.'^. 
s  British  War  Omco  MO.  . 


•iifl 


'    Hi 

m 


608 


TMK   (Jf.ArtWIN   MANUHCrnPTS. 


"Iiini  ^r<>iil  lioiiiiur,  tiiid  iin  ,voii  liiivi*  liicn  ho  m>ni\  to  Hpt'iik  for  liini,  I  lin|i(> 
"li(>  will  yet  llic  riiiiK  nf  Miijui'  lu  Hint  IJi-yimciit,  \'n\-  I  tlo  nol  know  any 
"< ';i|iiiiiii   in  ilir  Ai'iiiv  iiiorc  tli'Ni  rviii;;  uf  il." 

Tlir  l'.oii(|ii)'l  rii|H'i'H,  |M'iiil)'<l  ill  the  Mirlii^iiii  I'iniiii'i  ami  llislnrical 
( '(iljn iiiiiiH.  ii\\>>  iiil'oniialiuM  as  lo  Ilic  rcct'i'iioii  of  Major  Ko^ci'm  at 
Pi'lniil  anil  t|i'S<  riplioiiH  ol  I  he  |iosl  ami  of  ht  i  mit  lit't-.  ( >ii  .liilv  ;!l),  ITtit, 
Major  Walh'i's  wiilcK  lo  |{oii(|ii<'l  llial  Sir  William  .loliiisoii  ami  Major 
lllailwiii  arc  at  Niayiira  on  lliiir  wav  to  Dclroil.  willi  .".(Ml  li^rlil  infaiitrv; 
iiihI  till  Aiiunsl  II  llir  pai'lN  hail  rcarlii-d  I'lrsij'  Isle,  (iiii.  AmliciHt 
n-porlol  his  ailioii  lo  ihc  Sfrrclar.v  of  War.  in  a  Ifltrr  dated  Albany. 
Anj,'iisl   |.'>,  17<il,  as    Jul  lows:'' 

"I  havo  sent  a  di'lachnii'iil  of  ihii'c  hundred  men  lo  I  he  r|i|ier  Lakes 
"nmler  I  lie  command  of  Cipl.  <lladwiii  of  <ia(>e's,  and  I  have  jndc:ed  il 
"lor  I  he  jjood  of  His  Majesty's  Service  to  appoint  Caittain  ( iladwin  (<»  act 
"as  Major  daring  lliis  Mxpedition.  for  wliicli  I  liave  }:iveii  him  a  Coiiiinis- 
"sion.  tlial   I  hope  His  Majesty  wiil  a|)prove  of." 

The  extract  from  ( 'omiiiission  ;iliove  referred  to.  dated  J'Jiid  .June.  I7(!l, 
is  as  follows; 

"My  His  l''.x<'ellency  .lellfey  Amherst.  Mscire..  Major  (Jeiieral  ami  Com- 
"mander  in  Chief  of  all  His  .Majesty's  l'"orces  in  Nctrtli  .America,  itc,  iV:c., 
&C, 

"To  Henry  tihidwin.  lOsiire..  Captain  in  His  .Majesty's  SOtli  1{e{rinK>nt 
"of  l.ifjlit  Armed  Foot.: 

"Whereas  I  have  Ihoiijiiil  it  reiniisite  for  tlie  belter  carryiii};  on  of  Ilia 
"Majesty's  Ser\  ice  thai  a  Major  should  be  appointed  to  His  Majesty's 
"Sdlii.  or  l\e;iinient  of  Unlit  .\riiied  Foot.  I  do  l)y  virtue  of  the  Power  and 
".\utlioiily  to  Tiie  friveii  and  jifanted  l»y  His  Majesty,  hereby  constitute 
"and  appoint  you  (obe  .Major  to  the  said  lieninient,  diirin}?  this  C'anipaipn 
"only;  after  wliich  you  are  lo  return  to  the  rank  of  Captain  unless  pro- 
"vided  for  otherwise;  you  are  tlierefore,  &(•.,  &i'.'' 

Captain  Cani])bell  reports  (Aii|;iist  17)  to  liomiuet  t]i(>  arrival  at 
Detroit  of  Sir  William  Johnson  and  Majoi-  (iladwin.  and  enlarges  on  the 
unstinted  hosjiitality  that  marked  the  visit.  Sir  William  was  convinced 
that  the  Indiiin  conspiracy  apainst  the  Enplish  was  universal,  a  fact  that 
Amherst  doubted.  Tt  also  appears  from  I  he  corresiiondence  that  a  Mr. 
Theis  had  btiilt  at  Nia;;ara  a  schooin-r  drawinji  s(>ven  feet  of  water  and 
carryinj;  six  {j;uns,  to  be  commanded  Ity  fiieutenant  Robertson;  and  a 
sloop  to  carry  ten  puns.  These  wore  the  vessels  that  played  such  an  im- 
portant part  in  the  Pfuitiac  sei}ie. 

In  tlie  ffstiviles  and  iie<foliat  ions  (iladwin  had  no  pait.  An  attack  of 
fever  ;ind  aj;iie  coiitined  him  lo  his  (pi;irlers;  and  il  Wiis  not  until  October 
12  that  he  liad  recovered  suflficientlv  to  return." 


f'  Briti-li  WiirOHiri.  MSS. 

'Micliinsii  IMniiecr  and  llistoiic.al  CoUecliouu.  Vol.  MX,  p.  Uii 


r 


THK  (II.ADNVIN    MANUHCRIPTH. 


AftiT  Iciivtiijr  Dftniit.  (iliidwlii  siiilcd  foi-  Kii^liiinl,  iitul  on  >fiircli  HO, 
1 7«ili.  lit"  iiiiiiTird  l''iiMi(CH,  IIm'  (liiiiKlilcr  of  lln'  ..  •.  .Iniiii  hfritlK"'.  Tlu' 
plioto^n'iipli  tiikni  rroni  Mis.  (MiHlwiu's  |Mii'lntil  hIiowh  tliiil  in  middle  lifo 
bIu'  wiiH  a  liandHKiiic  wommi.  Iiidi-td  iil  (li-sl  ^'hiini'  llic  |M»itriii(  would 
Ix'  tiikcii  for  II  picliiic  of  Miiilliii  \Viisliiii):loii.  'I'liiit  ill  Hit'  iiu<'  of  IS  hIh' 
iiiiihI  liiivf  Ix'cii  ii  licMiitifiil  ln'idc  is  ijuilf  cvidciil;  iiiid  one  (iiii  rcjidily 
believe  lliiil  il  \>iiM  Willi  no  litlli'  lelinliiiice  on  both  Hides  (luit  Hoon  iiftei' 
the  iiiiiniiine  the  bridej,M'ooiii  iipiin  set  his  fiice  lowiirdH  the  Amcrleail 
w  ilderiiesM.  rei'lmj)H  il  was  b.v  wiiy  (»•' ii  wedding'  present  tliiit  (ihidwin 
WHS  olTei  !'d  n  majority  in  I5oin|iiet's  re^'imeiit  of  Koyal  Anieiieans;  but  lu^ 
declined  the  prolTer,  because  he  ptcferred  to  taki-  his  chaiK'es  in  the 
I'ef^uhir  Mi'itish  army.  The  correspondence  on  the  subject  is  to  bo  found 
ill  a  lellei-  Iroiii  .Vmliersf  dated  .Jiini-  l."».  17»>-,  slating  that  he  had 
ffranted  a  comniiHsion  to  Major  (Sladwin  of  W'ilinoll's  (SOth  p'oot)  to  suc- 
ceed Major  Walters  in  the  U(»yal  .\nieiican  Kcjiinient;  but  in  a  subso- 
quont  letter  (July  UO,  17»)2)  the  (Jeneral  states  that  Major  (lladwin  chose 
to  renuiin  in  the  SOth  Ueniinent.  (lladwin  exiilains  his  decision  in  a 
letter  to  I{ou(|iiel.  dated  duly  2!».  On  Au)iiisl  1.  wv  m'\  tiace  of  (lladwin 
at  Nianaia;  and  on  the  L'l'.d  he  arrived  at  heiroil  as  c(Hiiiiiaiidiinl." 

In  Hoiuiuet's  correspondence  with  (ien.  Amherst  durinj,'  I7(i.'?  there  are 
occasional  references  to  (lladwin;  but  Uie  latter  seems  to  have  been  little 
(riven  to  the  use  of  his  pen.  From  these  licatlered  references  one  learns 
that  Amherst  had  unbounded  confidence  in  the  younjr  major;  and  tliat 
while  steps  were  taken  to  {jive  him  relief,  yet  the  (rravity  of  his  situation 
durinp  the  lonp  seifje  seems  not  to  have  been  ai>[)reciated  at  headiiuarters. 
The  letter  from  (lladwin  to  Amherst,  ftiveii  in  th(>  (lladwin  MSS.,  dated 
Noveiiibei- 1,  I7(i:'>,  states  the  conclusion  of  the  wlude  Ponliac  matter.  The 
promotions  }?iven  to  (iladwin  later  show  that  his  services  were  apprec'i- 
ated  by  Amherst,  who  hud  the  reputiition  for  preferrin}^  oilicers  of  ability 
to  officers  who  had  family  connections;  and  finally  the  l;ome  authorities 
Avere  broujrht  to  {^rant  reco(,'nition  corresponding  with  (lladwin's  d(>sert8. 

While  the  seige  of  Tontiac  was  in  progress.  Sir  JelTrey  Amherst  on 
turning  over  his  command  to  (rencral  (^lage,  on  November  17,  17(».''i,  said  in 
his  instructions:  "It  was  my  intention  that  the  tlM  Keginient  should 
have  garrisoned  the  Detroit  and  I'osts  above,  but  as  it  has  been  found 
impracticable  for  that  Itegiment  to  advance  from  Tresii'  Isle  this  season, 
I  have  empowered  Major  (lladwin  to  keep  up  tlie  SOth  Regiment  on  such 
an  event." 

It  is  not  the  intention  liere  to  tell  the  well-known  Kiory  of  Pontiacs* 
seige  of  Detroit;  but  merely  to  give  tlie  hitherto  unknown  facts  as  to 
Gladwin's  life.  In  y  volume  of  I'arkman's  MSS.,  marked  "Pontiac  Mis- 
cellanies, 17(14,"  is  a  letter  from  (lage  to  Hradstreet,  dated  at  New  York, 


f'  "I 


"Hritirfli  WaiOnicc  MSS. 
•  Boiuiuot  Papers. 

77 


m 


iq 

M 


610 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTH. 


October  15,  17()4,  in  wbicli  Gen.  (Jape  slides  that  Gladwin  had  delivered 
Bradstreet's  letters  of  Aufjust  28  and  29;  and  on  October  12th  Gage  (who 
had  sueceed<'d  Anilieisi)  wrott'  to  the  Secretary  of  War:'" 

"Major  Gladwin  having  come  here  from  Detroit,  and  his  private  affairs 
"long  ago  reqiiii  111;.-  I, is  presence  in  England,  I  have  given  him  leave  to  go 
"iionu  iH'forc  llu'  Sdth  Jicgiiiifiit  to  \vhich  he  belongs  is  reduced. ^^ 

"The  Services  this  Gentleman  had  performed  will  alone  be  sufficient  to 
"recommend  him  to  your  Protection.  I  would  only  presume  to  hope  that 
"his  merit  will  procure  him  the  same  rank  tliat  every  other  Officer  has 
"hitherto  obtained  who  has  served  in  the  Station  of  Deputy  Adjutant 
"General." 

From  Gladwin's  letter  to  Gen.  Gage,  dated  Stubbing,  England.  Febru- 
ary 24.  J774.  ])rinted  in  the  Gladwin  MSS.,  we  And  that  he  had  settled 
down  to  the  life  of  :i  country  gentleman,  after  having  been  presented  at 
Court.  lie  never  saw  further  military  service,  and  died  on  June  22, 
17!)1. 

The  obittiary  notic<^  in.  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  July,  1791,  is  as 
follows: 

"After  a  long  illness  at  his  seat  at  Stubbing,  near  Chesterfield,  county 
"Derby,  ^lajorgeneral  Gladwin,  an  oflicer  of  great  merit.  He  had  served 
"a.  long  1ir;e  in  America,  where  he  was  wounded  at  the  action  with  the 
"Fren<  h  and  Indians  at  ilie  back  settlements  on  the  banks  of  the  river 
"Ohio,  in  July.  1755,  when  (Jen.  P.raddock,  the  English  commander,  uu  • 
"happily  lost  his  life." 

Gladwin  was  buried  in  the  ^Vingerworth  Church,  and  the  inscription 
0  1  his  monum''nt  is  as  follows: 

"Here  lieth  the  remains  of  General  II.  Gladwin.  He  departed  this  life 
"on  the  22nd  day  of  June.  1794,  in  the  02d  year  of  his  age.  He  was  dis- 
"tinguished  by  all  those  private  and  social  duties  which  constitute  to  the 
"man  and  the  ('hristhm.  Early  trained  to  arms  and  martial  deeds  he 
"sought  for  fame  amidst  the  toils  of  hostile  war,  with  that  ardour  which 
"animates  the  breast  of  a  bi-.Mve  soldier.  On  the  i)lains  of  North  America 
"he  reaped  the  laurels  al  ilir  battles  of  ^'iagara  and  Ticonderoga,  in 
"which  he  was  wounded.  His  courage  was  conspicuous  and  his  memor- 
'able  defence  of  Foit  Detroit  against  the  attack  of  the  Indians  will 
■'long  be  iccorded  in  the  annals  of  a  grateful  country. 

"Also  Mary  and  Henry,  son  and  daughter  of  the  aforesaid  General  H. 
"Gladwin  and  his  wife,  who  died  in  infancy;  ]M.irtha  Gladwin,  their 
"daughter,  died  October  17,  1817,  aged  o2. 

"Also  Frances,  sister  of  the  late  John  Deridge,  of  Derby,  M.  D.,  and 
"widow  of  the  ab(«ve  General  Gladwin,  died  October  Ki,  1817,  aged  74 
"years." 

10  Britii-h  War  OMico  MSS. 

"  The  SOtli  Regimoat  \va>(ii>l)!iiulBd  i)u  jtli  Uocember.  1761. 


r 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 


eii 


It  is  probable  tliat  (ho  inonuuK'iit:  (u  (iladwiii  was  crccicd  a  consider- 
able time  after  bis  death,  for  Ihe  date  {jiveii  thereon,  lTi»l.  is  three  years 
later  than  his  death  a(tiiall3-  oecnrred,  as  is  prove^l  by  the  record  in  the 
(rendeniaii's  ^lajiazine  (juoted  above. 

(Jladwin's  eldest  son.  Charles  Dakeyne  of  lleliiioni  and  Slnbhinj;-,  was 
born  in  177.')  and  died  in  ISit,  leavinj-  one  dan<;hler.  (iladwin's  danj-h- 
ter,  Prances,  married  June  1),  ISll,  Francis  Goodwin,  Ksquire,  of  Mai»le- 
ton.  He  bequeathed  all  his  estates  lo  h.s  nephew,  the  Kev.  lieui'y  John- 
son (ioodwin,  of  Iliuchleywood,  county  Derby,  fioLu  whom  they  des- 
cended to  Captain  liichard  Henry  Goodwin,  late  captain  of  the  (Mh  Foot, 
who  assumed  the  additional  name  and  arms  of  (Jladwiu  a  year  after  be 
came  into  the  property. 

Captain  Gladwin,  under  the  date  of  January  2,  1894,  v.rites  me  that  he 
has  no  record  of  tJen.  Gladwin's  early  life,  and  that  un-^ortunately  wiien 
he  came  into  the  estate  all  papers  and  records  had  been  destroyed.  He, 
however,  sent  photographs  of  General  and  Mrs.  Gladwin,  and  a  copy 
of  tlie  monument  inscription  as  given  above. 

Gen.  Gladwin's  second  daughter,  Dorothy,  married,  January  4,  1792, 
Joshua  Jebb,  Esquire,  whose  descendant,  the  Rev.  Henry  Gladwyu  Jebb, 
under  the  date  of  December  27,  ISO-'?,  wi'iles  me: 

"I  had  hoi)ed  to  send  you  some  information  by  this  day's  mail  on  the 
"subject  of  my  great  grand-father,  General  Gladwin.  The  Derbyshire 
''house  and  home  of  the  Gladwins  is  Tupton  Ifall,  in  North  Wingfield 
"Parish,  near  Chesterfield,  which  was  built  in  IGU,  and  has  b(  en  altered 
"scarcely  at  all  since  an  addition  built  about  1G7().  The  line  of  Gladwin 
"merged  into  an  heiress  nearly  two  hundred  years  ago,  and  her  descend- 
"ants,  a  family  named  Lord,  lived  there  until  recently,  when  tb.^  last  of 
"her  line  died  and  left  the  estate  to  strangers.  I  had  then,  however,  the 
"opportunity  of  buying  all  the  family  pictures,  one  a  group  of  ten,  Thomas 
"Gladwin  and  bis  wife,  down  to  a  baby.  I  got  one  bit  of  Gladwin  plate, 
"dated  like  the  picture  1072,  a  good  deal  of  old  furniture  and  some  old 
"books. 

Tbe  MSS.  given  below  were  among  the  papers  obtained  by  :Mr.  Jebb, 
who  sent  them  to  me  on  March  12,  1894,  saying: 

"At  last  I  have  come  u])on  letters  relating  to  Major  (i  lad  win,  wl;ich  1 
"hope  may  prove  interesting  to  you.  I  have  not  time  just  now  ro  copy 
"tbeni  or  even  to  read  them  through." 

Mary,  the  third  daughter  of  Gen.  Gladwin,  married  November  29,  1800, 
Baldwin  Duppa,  Dujjpa  Esquire,  of  Hollingburn.  near  ^laidstone,  Kent, 
the  ]»resent  representative  of  which  family  is  K.  do  Uphaugh,  Esq.,  of 
Hollingrmrn,  who  in  my  case  proved  the  key  to  the  other  descendants  of 
Gladwin,  since  it  was  through  his  kind  otrices  that  I  was  put  in  communi- 
cation with  them. 


n 


M 


612 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


IIENUY  GLADWIN  ANI>  THE   SIEOK   OF    I'ONTIAC 


f; 


:,l 


The  conquest  of  Canada  by  the  English  brouglit  about  several  read- 
juslmenls  within  Ihe  territory  now  included  in  (he  State  of  Michigan. 
The  only  settlements  were  at  Detroit,  at  Mackinac  (Michilimackinac),  at 
Sank  Ste.  Marie  and  St.  ,Tosei)h;  and  of  these  only  the  ones  at  Detroit 
and  Mackinac  were  of  importance.  The  seat  of  government  was  trans- 
ferred from  Quebec  to  New  York,  whence  tJeneral  Jeffery  Amherst  exer- 
cised miltary  control  over  the  posts.  Under  him  Colonel  Bouquet  at 
Fort  Fitt  (Fittsburg)  ranked  the  commundant  at  Detroit;  but  the  latter 
held  a  general  control  over  the  upper  lake  posts  and  reported  directly 
to  General  Amherst.  Indian  alVairs  w«'re  in  charge  of  Sir  William  John- 
son, whose  headcjuarters,  at  Johnson  Uall  in  the  present  State  of  New 
York,  swarmed  with  Indian  retainers  and  dependents,  as  well  as  with  his 
own  half-breed  children.  I'nder  Sir  William  was  his  deputy,  George 
Croghan,  who  was  constantly  engaged  in  going  from  tribe  to  tribe  in  his 
eftorts  to  keep  the  peace. 

Along  the  Atlantic  coast  an  American  population  of  English  and 
Dutch  descent  peopled  the  country.  Nominally  colonists,  these  peoph; 
formed  practically  a  group  of  independent  states,  only  awaiting  the  com- 
ing of  events  already  foreshadowtd  to  coalesce  into  a  new  nation.  From 
this  sturdy  civilization  the  lake  region  was  completely  cut  oti  by  the 
Alleghanies,  a  barrier  not  to  be  crosshod  at  all  until  the  close  of  the  Revo- 
lution; and  for  Michigan  not  until  long  rfter  that  date.  As  under  the 
French,  so  under  the  English,  the  lake  region  continued  to  be  held  by 
garrisons  maintained  in  an  Indian  country  for  the  protection  of  the  fur- 
trade.  The  diOiculties  of  tlie  situat<on  arose  from  the  fact  that  the 
Indians  disputed  the  right  of  the  French  to  dispose  of  the  country  to  the 
English;  while  on  their  part,  the  English,  having  no  longer  to  fear  the 
French  power,  took  less  and  less  pains  to  conciliate  the  Indians. 

Captain  Donald  Campbell,  as  he  fc<'ttled  down  for  a  long  winter  at 
Detroit  (1700),  was  not  ill  pleased  with  his  situation.-  The  fort  was 
large  and  in  good  rei>i.ii,  with  two  bastions  towards  the  river  and  a  large, 
strong  bastion  towards  the  Isle  an  Cochon  (Belle  Isle);  two  six-pounders 
and  three  mortars  made  up  the  battery.  Within  the  high  palisades 
some  seventy  or  eighty   houses   liued  the  narrow    streets.     The    fertile 

1  Road  before  the  Michigan  Pioneer  and  Historical  Society,  at  the  »"""»!  rafet'"8>  1*^':.^?,'?'^'''' 
ropiinteit  from  Itarper':^  Magaziuo  for  Jr ne.  1897,  by  permission  of  Hari)er  .t  Brothers.    (  cpj riglited. 

■i  Capt.  Canipbell  had  beea  left  in  command  of  the  British  Karrison  at  Detroit  by  Major  Eobert 
Hogers,  to  whom  the  post  was  surrendered,  on  November  29,  1760,  by  M,  Beletre,  the  trench 
commandaQt. 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


613 


couutry  along  both  banks  of  lln  river  Wi.s  cut  into  narrow  farms  front- 
ing on  llie  water  and  extending  back  into  the  endless  forest.  The 
Indians  living  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Fort,  as  well  as  the  settlers,  looked 
to  the  commandant  for  both  justice'  and  sui»i>lies.  Tlie  soldiers  were 
contented,  a  fact  which  the  cajjtain  asciHu'd  to  tlie  absence  of  rum;  and 
the  Indians  were  seemingly  friendly,  although  tlie  supplies  issued  to 
them  were  meagre  in  extreme.  The  social  life  at  Detndt  especially 
l)leased  the  gray-haired  bachelor  commandant.  The  women  surpassed 
his  expectations;  and  the  men,  although  very  independent,  were  ever 
ready  for  pleasure.  The  Sunday  card  parties  at  the  commandant's  quar- 
ters, attended  by  both  sexes,  gave  to  life  at  Detroit  a  zest  not  known  at 
Fort  I'itt;  and  at  a  ball,  given  in  honor  of  tlie  King's  birtliday,  the  array 
of  ladies  was  so  fine  as  to  call  forth  Captain  Campbell's  hearty  com- 
mendations, in  one  of  his  numerous  gossipy  letters  to  Colonel  Bouquet. 
Moreover,  both  the  French  and  the  Indians  were  as  fond  of  the  pleasure- 
loving  captain  as  their  tickle  natures  would  allow. 

During  the  summer,  however,  emissaries  from  the  Six  Nations  came  to 
Detroit  with  large  belts,  for  the  j)urpose  of  stirring  up  a  general  warfare 
against  the  English.  Matters  became  so  serious  that  Sir  Jelfrey  Amherst 
thought  best  to  send  Sir  William  Johnson  to  make  a  treaty  at  Detroit, 
and  to  dispatch  Major  (jladwin  with  three  h  udred  light  infantry  to 
strengthen  he  western  posts.  On  their  arrival  in  September,  Sir  ^^'il- 
liam  stated  his  conviction  that  the  conspiracy  against  the  English  was 
universal;  but  this  opinion  was  not  shared  by  General  Amherst.  The 
latter  thought  the  Indians  incapable  of  doing  serious  harm,  but  ordered, 
by  way  of  precaution,  that  they  be  kept  short  of  powder. 

The  visit  of  Sir  William  Johnson  was  the  greatest  social  event  that 
the  people  of  Detroit  had  ever  known.  C'aptain  Campbell  was  in  his  ele- 
ment. On  Sunday  evening  he  gave  a  ball  to  which  he  invited  about 
twenty  of  the  French  maidens  of  the  settlement.  Tlie  dance  began  at 
eight  o'clock  in  the  evening  and  lasted  until  five  next  morning.  It  was 
opened  by  Sir  William  and  Mademoiselle  Cuillerie,  the  daughter  of  the 
principal  French  trader;  and  her  black  eyes  made  such  a  lasting  impres- 
sion on  the  gallant  Indian  agent  that  the  exchange  of  compliments 
between  them  appears  in  the  correspondence  for  several  years,  the  last 
mention  being  found  in  a  letter  from  James  Stirling,  who,  on  behalf  of 
his  wife,  returns  hearty  thanks  for  Sir  William's  civilities  to  her,  four 
years  previous.  Before  leaving  Detroit,  Sir  William  also  gave  a  ball, 
and  on  this  occasion  the  dancing  continued  for  eleven  hours.  There  was 
also  a  round  of  dinners  and  calls,  at  which  wincs  and  cordials  were 
served  without  stint;  presents  were  showered  upon  the  Indians,  and 

8  Gladwin  MSS,  Warrant  isened  by  Sir  Jeffery  Amherst  to  Major  Henry  Gladwin,  for  the  trial  and 
ezecntion  of  the  eenteuces  in  the  case  of  two  Panis  (Pawnee)  Blaves  for  tb  mnrder  of  John  Clapham. 
The  original  warrant  was  in  my  possession. 


ri 


'\''i 


614 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


allor  ihc  liiiiil  coumil  all  llu-  i)rln('ii)al  inliabilants  dined  with  llio  diplo 
mat  of  1  ho  forest.  . 

In  all  these  festivilies  Major  Gladwin  had  no  part.  Lvuif;  in  a  little 
lionse,  within  heariiif;-  of  the  lively  liddle  and  the  lau-hter  of  the  dancers, 
(he  fever  of  the  eonnlry  laeUed  his  bones  and  made  him  Ion},'  for  his 
Derbyshire  honi.".  At  eveninj.-  Sir  William  would  visit  him  to  talk  over 
the  eV.-nts  of  tlie  day  and  plan  for  tlie  fat  ore;  and  it  was  not  until  the 
middle  of  October  that  (Jladwiii  was  able  to  leave  for  Fort  William 
Aiifjnstns  on  his  way  to  Kn}j;land. 

In  .Inly,  lT<i2,  the  Indians  learned  with  satisfaction  that  England  was 
at  war  with  Spain,  and  soon  the  report  spread  far  and  wide  that  the 
French  and  Spanish  were  to  retake  Qnebec  and  all  Canada.  Here  at  last 
was  the  chance  for  which  the  sa varies  had  been  waiting.  With  the  help 
of  the  French  they  conld  drive  out  the  English,  and  once  more  receive 
solicitous  attention  from  both  nations.  At  this  juncture  Major  Glad- 
win agiiin  ai)peared  at  Detroit,  this  time  with  orders  to  establish  posts 
ou  Lake  Superior  and  to  exercise  general  supervision  over  the  north- 
western establishments.  Gaptain  Campl)ell,  although  now  somewhat 
wearied  by  the  sameness  of  garrison  pleasures,  remained  as  second  in 
eommand;  and  the  favor  in  which  he  was  held  by  both  the  French  and 
llie  Indians  was  a  decided  help  to  the  adroit  and  business-like  Gladwin. 
For  company  the  ollicers  had  Sir  Kobert  Da  vers,  an  Englishman  of  edu 
cation  and  adventurous  disposition,  who  had  been  exploring  the  Lake. 

Superio?-  country.* 

As  Spring  came  and  the  February  thaws  and  March  rains  loosened  the 
ice  bonds  that  for  three  long  months  had  locked  Detroit  from  the  world, 
(jladwin  at  evening  must  often  have  stood  on  the  platform  within  the 
palisades  to  look  out  on  the  tumultuous  river,  where  the  great  ice  cakes 
from  Lake  Ste.  Claire,  t-imbling  over  each  other  like  marine  monsters  at 
play,  were  hurrying  down  to  the  warmer  waters  of  Lake  Erie.  By  day 
the' details  of  administration  kept  him  busy.  The  French  merchants 
witliin  the  fort  grumbled  at  the  increased  taxes  imposed  for  the  support 
of  a  garrison  much  larger  than  their  own  king  had  maintained;  the  out- 
lying posts  were  conlinually  sending  for  supplies;  General  Amherst  was 
cautioning  against  gifts  of  ammunition  and  rum  to  the  Indians;  and  the 
savages,  having  bartered  their  furs  for  liquor  at  Niagara,  had  no  means 
of  obtaining  the  necessaries  of  life  from  the  traders  at  Detroit.  Some  of 
the  French  and  Indians  complained  that  Gladwin  called  them  dogs,  and 
drove  them  from  hi^  house;  and  the  subsequent  career  of  those  persons 
who  made  the  charges  shows  that  the  commandant  was  an  excellent 
judge  of  human  nature. 

♦  All  contemporary  accounts  agree  in  speaking  of  "  Sir"  Robert  Davers;  bnt  there  was  no  such  per- 
son in  the  baronetage  of  Kngland.  Rob»rt  Davers,  an  elder  son  of  bir  Richard  Davers  was  living  at 
this  time ;  but  died  before  coming  into  the  title.    The  family  lias  since  become  extinct. 


T 


T 


i 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


616 


Confident  of  the  power  of  KuKljind  1o  hold  all  Ihiit  she  liiid  fjained  from 
Frjuice,  Gladwin  had  no  suspicions  that  the  Indians  would  foolishly  rush 
to  their  own  destruction  by  an  attack  on  the  JSritish  i)osts.  Living 
behind  pali8ades,and  surronnded  by  a  cordon  of  discontented  and  intrigu- 
ing French,  Gladwin  could  have  no  accurate  knowledge  of  the  mis- 
chief that  for  montlis  had  been  jilotted  by  the  Ottawa  ch'ef,  Pontiac,  who 
had  established  himself,  witli  his  wives,  on  the  narrow  Isle  a  la  Peche 
(Peach  Island),  rising  above  the  waters  of  Lake  Ste.  Claire  and  concealed 
from  the  view  of  the  fort  by  the  thickly  wooded  Isle  an  Cochon.  There 
is  no  reason  to  believe  that  Pontiac  had  impressed  himself  ui)on  Gladwin 
as  being  in  any  way  distinguished  above  the  other  cliiefs,  and  doubtless 
many  of  the  reports — like  those  of  Kogers— of  the  Ottawa's  striking  per- 
sonality are  too  highly  colored.  The  fact  remains,  however,  that  now, 
at  the  age  of  fifty,  Pontiac  was  in  the  full  vigor  of  his  power  over  the  sur- 
rounding tribes,  and  that,  during  his  connection  with  the  whites,  his 
keen  intelligence  had  absorbed  valuable  military  knowledge.  According 
to  his  own  account,  he  had  saved  the  French  at  Detroit  from  massacre 
in  1746,  when  the  great  chief  Mickinac  (the  Turtle)  came  with  his  north- 
ern bands  "to  carry  off  the  head  of  the  French  commander  and  eat  his 
heart  and  drink  his  blood."  Doubtless,  too,  he  had  led  the  Ottawas  at 
Little  Meadows  in  1755,  when  Gladwin  for  the  first  time  heard  the 
Indian  warwhoop.  At  a  great  council  (April,  1763),  held  on  the  banks 
of  the  River  Ecorses,  below  Detroit,  Pontiac  had  related  to  the  supersti- 
tious Indians  a  dream  wherein  tlie  Great  Spirit  sent  his  message  that 
they  were  to  cast  aside  the  weapons,  the  manufactures  and  the  rum  of 
the  white  men,  and  with  help  from  aboA-e,  drive  the  dogs  in  red  from 
every  post  in  their  country.  The  superstitious  Indians  heard  with  awe 
the  voice  from  on  high,  and  left  the  council  prepared  to  obey  the  sum- 
n\ons. 

Detroit  being  the  chief  i)oint  of  attack,  Pontiac  took  upon  i.  aself  the 
plan  for  surprising  and  massacring  the  garrison.  On  May  1,  forty  Otta- 
was danced  the  calumet  danc(>  before  < ihulwin's  liouse.  This  visit  was 
for  the  purpose  of  spying  out  tlie  land.  Four  days  later,  M.  Gouin,  a  sub- 
stantial French  settler,  brought  word  that  his  wife,  while  visiting  the 
Ottawa  camp  to  buy  venison,  had  seen  the  Indians  filing  oil'  the  ends  of 
their  gun  barrels,  evidently  preparing  for  some  deed  of  treachery.  On 
the  evening  of  the  6th  (5  lad  win  received  private  information  that  tho 
next  day  had  been  set  for  the  destruction  of  liis  garrison.  The  exact 
source  of  this  private  information  is  still  a  matter  of  doubt.  Lieutenant 
McDougall,  who  doubtless  knew  the  secret,  gives  no  hint  in  his  report. 
Mr.  C.  M.  Burton  makes  the  not  impossible  suggestion  that  Mademoi- 
selle Cuillerie,  whose  father  and  brother  untiuestional)ly  knew  of  the  con- 
spiracy, put  Major  Gladwin  on  his  guard,  and  that  James  Stirling,  who 


J\' 


r 


616 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


. 


If 


w 


11 : 

<  t  ■ 

if 


I 


aflcrwiinls  Ix-iiiiiK'  licr  Imsbiind.  was  well  rewarded  by  the  British  for 
the  linu'ly  waniinj,'.''  The  reward  which  Slirliii};  received,  liowever, 
iiilKht  \Vfll  have  been  fjiven  becaussi'  lie  became  I  lie  leader  of  the  French 
citizens  when  they  at  last  determined  to  support  Gladwin.  Cai-ver,  who 
visited  Detroit  live  years  after  ll\e  events  to  be  described,  and  who  pub- 
lislied  three  editions  of  his  "Travels  throuph  North  America"  while 
Gladwin  was  still  livinfr,  relates  without  contemporary  contradiction,  a 
story  that  Cass  accepted  with  little  hesitaticm  and  that  I'arkman  clings 
to  in  spite  of  the  doubts  thrown  ujton  it  by  investigations  he  himself 
made  suliseciuent  to  the  first  edition  of  his  "Consitiracy  of  Pontiac." 

The  evening  of  May  7th,  according  to  Carver,"  an  Indian  giil  who  had 
been  employed  by  Major  Gladwin  to  make  him  a  pair  of  moccasins  out  of 
curious  elk  skin,  brought  her  work  home.  The  Major  was  so  pleased 
with  tlie  moccasins  that,  intending  them  as  a  present  to  a  friend,  he 
ordered  her  to  take  back  the  remainder  of  the  skin  to  make  a  pair  for 
him.  Raving  been  paid  and  dismissed,  the  woman  loitered  at  the  door. 
Gladwin  was  quick  enough  to  see  that  something  was  amiss.  Being 
urged  to  tell  her  trouble,  she  said,  after  much  hesitation,  that  as  he  had 
always  behaved  with  mucli  goodness  to  her,  she  was  unwilling  to  take 
away  the  remainder  of  the  skin,  because  he  put  so  great  a  value  upon  it 
and  she  should  never  be  able  to  bring  it  back.  His  curiosity  being  now 
excited,  he  insisted  that  she  disclose  the  secret  that  seemed  to  be  strug- 
gling in  her  bosom  for  utterance.  At  last,  on  receiving  a  promise  that, 
the  intelligence  she  was  about  to  give  him  should  not  turn  to  her  preju- 
dice, and  tliat  if  it  appeared  to  be  beneficial  she  should  be  rewarded  for 
it,  she  informed  him  that  at  the  council  to  be  held  with  the  Indians  the 
following  day,  Tontiac  and  his  chiefs  intended  to  murder  him;  and,  after 
having  massacred  the  garrison  and  inhabitants,  to  plunder  the  town. 
Gladwin  then  dismissed  her  Avith  injunctions  to  secrecy  and  a  promise 

of  re.vard. 

A  story  at  once  so  romantic  and  so  widely  accepted  deserves  tender 
treatment;  but  in  the  Barkumn  manuscripts  tliis  same  tale  is  found  in 
the  mouth  of  one  of  Roger's  soldiers,  who,  as  Cass  proves,  could  not  have 
known  the  facts.  The  truth  i)robably  has  been  related  by  the  unknown 
author  of  the  Pontiac  Diary.  This  writer  says  that  an  Ottawa  Indian 
called  Mahigan,  who  had  entered  but  reluctantly  into  the  conspi- 
racy, and  who  felt  displeased  with  the  steps  his  people  were  taking,  came 
on  Friday  night,  without  the  knowledge  of  the  other  Indians,  to  the  gate 
of  the  Fort  and  asked  to  be  admitted  to  the  presence  of  the  commander, 

^>  Mr^Bnrton  relies  on  this  paHsagein  a  letter  from  Msjor  Henry  Baeset  to  Haldinjand,  dated  at  Detroit 
Ancnet  29,  n7H,  ten  years  after  the  sieRe:  '  1  beg  to  recon.niend  Mr.  James  Stirling,  who  is  the  first  Mercht. 
at  this  place  &  a  gentleman,  of  good  character,  doriug  the  late  war,  throngh  a  Lfidy,  that  he  then  coorted, 
from  whom  he  had  the  beet  information,  was  in  part  the  means  to  save  this  garneon.  -Mich.  f.  and  ti. 

Coi.Voi.  19,  p.  an. 

«  Carver  is  clearly  wrong  in  his  date.    MacDonald  gives  May  6,  Friday,  as  the  day  of  the  dieclognre. 


u 


r 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


et? 


sayinp  that  he  had  soniethiiif;  of  iiuportanot'  to  tell  him.  The  pates  hav- 
inp  been  opeiuul,  he  was  conducted  to  Captain  ( 'ampbell,  second  in  com- 
mand, wlio  sent  for  (Madwin.  Tliey  wislu'd  to  call  in  the  interpreter, 
Labntte,  bnt  the  Indian  objected,  saving  that  lie  could  make  himself 
understood  in  French.  He  unfolded  the  conHi>inicy  of  the  Indians,  and 
told  how  they  would  fall  on  the  Enplish  next  day.  Having  obtained  a 
pledge  of  secrecy  and  having  refused  i)resen(s  lest  the  Indians  should 
discover  his  treachery  and  kill  him,  he  left  the  fort  secretly.  The  writer 
adds  that  Gladwin  made  a  jtromise  not  to  disclose  the  source  of  his  infor- 
mation, and  that  he  kept  it.' 

The  crisis  had  come  in  the  life  of  the  young  commandant  of  his 
majesty's  forces  at  Detroit.  Although  he  could  not  then  have  known 
the  extent  of  the  widespread  conspiracy  which  Pontiac  had  i)lanned;  yet 
he  did  know  that  his  steadfastness  and  his  knowledge  of  Indian  warfare 
were  about  to  be  put  to  the  test.  Gladwin  was  a  soldier  by  choice  and 
by  training,  and  the  seven  years  he  had  spent  in  England's  service  on  the 
frontiers  had  not  been  without  its  hard  lessons.  In  1755  he  had  landed 
on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  ill-fated  Braddock 
expedition.  He  was  one  of  that  band  of  glittering  officers  whom  the  pro- 
vincial soldier,  George  Washington,  had  envied  as  they  congregated  in 
the  old  Braddock  House  at  Alexandria,  whose  now  bare  but  stately  stair- 
case and  broad  halls  seem  still  to  be  peopled  by  the  ghosts  of  fair  ladies 
and  dashing  soldier  gallants  of  a  century  and  a  quarter  ago.  In  the 
ambush  of  Little  Meadows  he  had  learned  from  the  brave  yet  cautious 
young  Virginian  that  the  military  science  of  the  old  world  was  out  of 
place  in  battling  with  tlie  denizens  of  the  American  forests;  and  in  the 
campaif  ns  against  Ticonderoga  and  Niagara  this  new  knowledge  had 
stood  him  in  good  stead.  Scarcely  more  than  a  year  previous  he  had 
given  a  hostage  to  fortune  by  leading  to  the  altar  of  the  little  Winger- 
wort  church  in  Derbyshire  a  beautiful  girl  of  nineteen,  from  whose  side 
military  duties  in  America  too  quickly  recalled  him.  As  the  prospective 
head  of  an  old  and  honorable  'county  family,  yet  with  little  besides  his 
profession  of  arms  to  give  him  support  ard  reputation,  Henry  Gladwin, 
at  the  nge  of  thirty-three,  must  have  realized  that  the  peril  which  now 
faced  the  King's  supremacy  was  for  him  the  door  to  success  or  to  failure 
in  life,  according  as  he  should  succeed  or  fail  to  hold  the  post  of 
Detroit  against  the  savages  whose  hostility  and  crafty  treachery  now 
threatened  it.  And  yet,  perhaps  the  warning  of  danger  to  come  might 
be  without  foundation,  as  so  many  other  warnings  had  proved  to  be. 
Perhaps  the  prudent,  if  fickle,  Indians  were  bent  merely  on  extorting 

'  Tbe  Pontiac  Diary  was  written  in  Fronch,  prcibably  by  onn  of  the  priests  of  St.  Anne's.  It  was  fonnd 
in  the  roof  of  a  Canariian  honse  that  was  beinR  torn  down.  Three  translations  exist,  one  in  mannscript 
is  among  the  Parkman  MHS.  in  the  Library  of  the  Maesachusetts  Historical  Society :  another  is  to  be 
fonnd  in  Schoolcraft's  second  volnme;  and  the  other  in  Vol.  8,  Michigan  Pioneer  Collections.  The  origi- 
nal has  been  lost  tbrongh  the  carelessness  of  persons  connected  with  the  old  Michigan  Historical 
Soeiety;  and  the  loss  ie  a  serioas  one. 

78 


Tj^sy? 


rryri^LL'T 


i 


I 


fi! 


618 


THE  OLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


more  proBonts  and  a  more  lil.cial  poilioii  of  rum.  IVrhaps  the  serene 
river  was  a  pathway  of  peace  ami  not  of  war;  perhaps  the  stillness  of  the 
trackless  forest  was  not  destined  to  be  broken  by  the  warwhoop  and  the 
death  cry.  If  it  was  to  be  war  he  would  be  found  neither  unprepared 
nor  want  ins  in  the  determination  that  marks  the  soldier.  In  either 
event,  the  morrow  would  tell  the  story. 

About  ten  o'clock  the  next  niorninp,  as  Carver  relates,  Tontiac  and  his 
chiefs  arrived,  and  were  conducted  to  the  council  chamber,  where  Glad- 
win and  his  principal  officers  awaited  their  cominp.  As  the  Indians 
passed  on  thev  could  not  help  observin};  a  preater  number  of  troops  than 
usual  drawn  up  on  the  parade.  No  sooner  had  the  Indians  entered  the 
council  chamber  and  seated  themselves  on  the  skins  prepared  for  them, 
than  rontiac  asked  the  commandant  why  his  younp  men,  meaninR  the 
soldiers,  were  thus  drawn  up,  and  parading  the  streets.  "To  keep  them 
perfect  in  their  exercise,"  was  the  answer. 

The:.  Pontiac  bepan  to  protest  his  friendship  and  pood  will  towards 
the  English;  and  when  he  came  to  deliver  the  belt  of  wampum,  which, 
according  to  the  warning,  was  to  be  the  sipnal  for  his  chiefs  to  fire,  "the 
governor  and  all  his  attendants  drew  their  swords  halfway  from  their 
scabbards;  and  the  soldiers  at  the  same  instant  made  a  clattering  with 
their  arms  before  the  doors,  which  had  been  purposely  left  open.  Even 
I'ontiac  trembled,  and  instead  of  giving  the  belt  in  the  manner  proposed, 
delivered  it  according  to  the  usual  way.  His  stolid  chiefs,  who  had 
expected  the  signal,  continued  quiet,  awaiting  the  result." 

Gladwin,  in  his  turn,  made  a  speech.  Instead  of  thanking  Pontiac  for 
the  professions  of  friendship  just  uttered,  he  accused  him  of  being  a 
traitor.  He  said  that  the  English,  who  knew  everytliing,  were  convinced 
of  Pontiac's  treachery  and  villainous  designs.  Then,  reaching  down  to 
the  Indian  chief  seated  nearest  him,  he  drew  aside  his  blanket,  discover- 
ing the  shortened  firelock.  This  entirely  disconcerted  tne  Indians. 
InasiJuch  as  he  had  given  liis  word  at  the  time  they  desired  an  audience 
that  their  persons  should  be  safe,  Gladwin  said  he  would  hold  his  pro- 
mise inviolable,  though  they  so  little  deserved  it.  However,  he  advised 
them  to  make  the  best  of  their  way  out  of  the  fort,  lest  his  young 
men,  on  being  acquainted  with  their  treacherous  purposes,  should 
cut  everyone  of  them  to  pieces.  Pontiac  endeavored  to  contradict  the 
accusation,  and  to  make  excuses  for  his  suspicious  conduct;  but  Gladwin 
refused  to  listen,  and  the  Indians  sullenly  left  the  fort. 

Late  that  afternoon  six  warriors  returned,  bringing  with  them  an  old 
squaw,  saying  that  she  had  given  false  information.  Gladwin  declared 
that  she  had  never  given  any  kind  of  advice.*  When  they  insisted  that  he 
name  the  author  of  what  he  had  heard  in  regard  to  a  plot,  he  simply 

>  Rogers'  Jonrnal.    Doabtleee  this  is  the  origin  of  the  romaaoe  of  the  lodian  girl. 


T 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


619 


replied  llial  it  wiiH  one  of  UieinselveH,  wlioHe  luiiiie  lie  i)romiHe(l  lU'ver  to 
reveal.  \Vhereiii>oii,  lliev  went  ((iViiiHl  carried  the  old  woman  with  (hem. 
When  (iie.v  arrived  in  camp,  I'oniiae  seized  the  piiHctner  and  j,mve  her 
(liri'e  strokes  with  a  stiek  on  the  head,  whieh  laid  her  Hat  on  the  uroiiud, 
and  (he  wliole  nation  assembled  around  her,  and  called.  "Kill  lu-r!  kill 
her." 

The  next  day  was  Sunday,  and  la(e  in  (he  afternoon  I'ondac  and  scv 
enil  of  his  chiefs  paddled  across  (he  placid  river  to  smoke  the  pipe  of 
peace  with  the  oHicers  of  the  fort.  (Jladwin,  suspicious  of  so  m\ich  pro 
testation,  refused  to  j?<>  near  them;  but  Captain  Campbell,  unwilling  to 
lose  a  chance  to  pacify  the  Indians,  smoked  the  peace-pipe  with  them 
outside  the  fort  and  took  back  to  Gladwin  the  messafrc  that  next  day  all 
the  nation  would  come  to  counci',  where  everything  would  be  settled  to 
the  satisfaction  of  (he  English,  af(er  which  the  Indians  would  imme 
diately  disperse,  so  as  to  remove  all  suspicion. 

At  ten  o'clock  next  morniuj;  the  anxious  watchers  beliind  the  palisades 
saw  a  fleet  of  canoes  comin«;  around  the  lower  point  of  the  long  island, 
and  as  the  swift-darting  boats,  hurried  by  paddle  and  current,  covered 
the  three  miles  of  water  the  soldiers  counted  tifty-six  of  these  barks,  each 
carrying  seven  or  eight  Indians.  The  bows  of  the  canoes  rested  lightly 
on  the  sand  of  the  sloping  bank,  and  the  warriors  made  their  way  to  the 
fort  only  to  find  the  gates  fast  barred  against  them,  instead  of  the  cor 
dial  welcome  they  expected,  an  interpret<>r  met  them  with  the  message 
that  not  above  sixty  chiefs  might  enter.  Whereupon  Pontiac,  enraged  at 
seeing  the  futility  of  all  his  stratagems,  and  yet  confident  of  ultimate 
success,  in  his  most  peremptory  manner  bade  the  interpreter  say  to 
Gladwin  that  if  all  the  Indians  had  not  free  access  to  the  fort,  none  of 
them  would  enter  it.  "Tell  him,"  said  the  angry  chief,  "that  he  may  stay 
in  his  fort,  and  that  I  will  keep  the  country."  Then  Pontiac  strode  to 
his  canoe  and  paddled  for  the  Ottawa  village.  His  followers,  knowing 
that  the  fight  was  on,  ran  like  fiends  to  the  house  of  an  English 
woman  and  her  two  sons,  whom  they  tomahawked  and  scalped.  An- 
other party  paddled  swiftly  to  Isle  au  Cochon,  where  they  first  killed 
twenty-  mr  of  King  George's  bullocks,  and  then  put  to  death  an  old  Eng- 
lish sergeant.  Afterwards,  the  Canadians  buried  the  mutilated  corpse; 
but  on  returning  to  the  spot,  so  tradition  i;elatts,  they  were  surprised  to 
see  an  arm  protruding  from  the  grave.  Thrice  the  dirt  was  heaped 
above  the  body,  and  thrice  the  arm  raised  itself  above  the  ground,  until 
the  mound  was  sprinkled  with  holy  water;  then  the  perturbed  spirit  left 
the  body  in  peace  never  since  disturbed.  Having  put  to  death  all  the 
English  outside  the  fort,  the  Indians  sent  to  Gladwin  a  Frenchman  to 
report  both  the  killing  of  the  woman  and  her  children  and  also  the  mur- 
der of  Sir  Robert  Davers,  Captain  Robertson  and  a  boat's  crew  of  six 


Vi 


620 


THE  (II.ADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 


pt'i-HoiiH,"  who  \\iu\  Imtii  Hfiil  t(»  till'  Ht.  Oliiir  IImIh  let  iHmcovci-  a  paHHiiKt' 
for  one  of  (ho  Hchooncrs  bound  to  Micliiliniiukinac.  Tliiw  iiifoniialioii 
irniovcd  all  liiip'iiiiK  doiiltlH  Ihiil  tlic  IiuliaiiH  wt-rc  (IcU-niiincd  to  wipo 
out  the  KM},'liHh  at  Detroit. 

On  h'lH  iclnni  to  the  Ottawa  vilhiK"',  I'onthic  ordfi'ed  the  squaws  tn 
iluinj,'e  the  camp  to  the  vvcMtern  bank,  above  the  fort.  As  the  nipht 
nilstH  j,'alliered  upon  tlie  tireh'HH  river,  droitiiiuK  a  curtain  between  the 
tjreat  chief  and  his  enemies,  Toiitiac  liiniHelf,  huleouH  in  war  paint, 
leaped  into  tlie  center  of  tlie  rinjj;  of  braven,  and  tlourisliin},'  his  toma- 
hawk, be^an  to  cliant  the  record  of  his  valorous  deeds.  One  by  one  the 
liHleninK  braves,  catchinf,'  the  c(mlat,Mon  from  their  mighty  chief,  were 
drawn  into  the  rin^,  until  at  last  j'very  savage  was  wildly  dancing  the 
war-dance.  There  was  no  sleep  for  the  f,'arrison  that  night.  (Jladwiu, 
as  he  paced  the  wide  street  that  encircled  the  buildings  of  the  fort  just 
within  the  pickets,  took  council  with  himself  as  to  how  he  might  with- 
stand his  crafty  enemies,  liurning  arrows,  silent  messengers  of  destruc- 
tion, might  easily  set  fire  to  the  four  score  or  more  Avooden  buildings 
within  the  enclosure;  and  the  church,  standing  near  the  palisades,  was 
particularly  exposed,  unless,  indeed,  the  superstitious  Indians  should 
hearken  to  their  only  less  superstitious  French  allies,  who  had  threatened 
the  savages  with  the  vengeance  of  the  Oreat  Spirit  if  they  should 
attempt  to  destroy  the  house  of  (Jod.  The  two  six-pounders,  the  three- 
pounder  and  the  mortars  composing  the  battery  of  the  fort  were  of  little 
avail  against  an  enemy  that  fouglit  singly  and  from  behind  trees  or  what- 
ever protection  the  oi)portunitie8  might  alTord;  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
an  English  head  above  the  pickets  or  an  English  body  at  a  port  hole  was 
the  sure  lodgment  for  an  Indian  bullet.  The  garrison  was  made  up  of 
one  hundred  and  twenty-two  soldiers  and  eight  oflicers,  together  with 
about  forty  fur-traders  and  their  assistants.  These  traders  would  light 
to  save  their  lives,  but  were  inclined  to  the  French  rather  than  to  the 
English.  Between  this  little  garrison  and  the  thousand  savages  was  a 
single  row  of  palisades  made  by  planting  logs  close  together  so  that  they 
would  stand  twenty-tive  feet  above  ground.  Blockhouses  at  the  angles 
and  at  the  gates  afforded  additional  protection;  and,  best  of  all,  the 
brimming  river,  wliose  IHtle  waves  lapped  the  sandy  shore  near  the  south 
line  of  palisades,  gave  an  abundant  water  supply.  A  schooner  and  a 
sloop,  both  armed,  might  be  relied  on  to  keep  open  the  line  of  communi- 
cation with  Niagara,  whence  Major  Walters  would  send  supplies.  Pro- 
motion would  be  the  reward  of  success;  the  torture-stake  the  penalty  of 
failure. 

The  chill  that  comes  before  dawn  was  in  the  air  when  Gladwin  joined 
the  anxious  watchers  in  the  blockhouse.    The  placid   river  seemed  a 

*.See  ClairraoDt's  testimony .    Qladwin  MSS. 


THE  OLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 


621 


(fivat  iniri'of  rollcctiii);  tlu*  lifi(;lit<'r  Htiii-N.  (iiiHltiiilly  iUv  blai';  oiitlineH 
(if  low  fai'iii  Ikmisi'n  iiiiii  (iK'ircliii^r  uiuhIh  iiiclli'd  into  ^niy;  iiimI  then 
Ix-voiid  tlu>  wootlfd  'iHliiiHl  II  (liwr  iil'  iiiollcii  K<>l<l>  piisliiii^  itNcIf  hi^^lu'i 
and  lii^licr,  made  of  I  lie  deep  wat*  th  a  Itioad  palliwav  of  HhiMiincriiiK 
lijjlit.  On  the  low  blnlY  far  np  tin-  livrr,  (iladwin'H  anxionH  eye  dlHOOv- 
t'l'cd  llic  lodfjcH  of  I'onliac's  OtIawaH,  wlio,  nndcr  Hit-  ("((vcr  of  llu'  ni(jlit, 
had  pachlh'd  ai'oniitl  lht>  iicad  of  the  ishind  and  noiHch-Hsly  t'stahliHlicd 
tlieniHt'lvcN  ahovc  tlic  line  of  French  fai'inhcMiscs.  This  meant  a  nie^je; 
and  UH  the  eoinnuiiKhint  was  still  ui>^'>»K  <<*  ll>*'  pit'pa  rat  ions  for  war,  a 
patterinj:  of  bulletH  against  the  blockhouse  announced  the  be^innin);  of 
hostilities. 

During];  the  morning;  a  party  of  W.vandotles,  sntninoned  by  Pontine  to 
a  council,  stopped  at  the  fort  on  their  way.  Fortitled  by  EnRllsh  rum, 
they  went  off  to  the  meetin(,'-i>lace  under  promise  to  (Jladwin  that  they 
would  do  all  they  could  to  apjiease  the  Ottavvas  and  dissnad<'  them  from 
further  liostilities.  Next  came  a  ninuber  of  the  French  settlers,  brinj?- 
ing  with  them  chiefs  of  the  Ottawas,  Wyandot tes,  Chijtpewas  and  I'ot- 
tawattamies,  who  told  (Jladwin  that  almost  all  the  French  had  gathered 
at  the  house  of  tlu'  trader  M.  (Miillerie,  where  the  Indians  were  to  hold 
their  council.  They  assured  Gladwin  that  if  he  would  allow  (Japtain 
Campbell"*  and  another  otlicer  to  go  to  the  council,  it  would  not  be  hard 
to  persuade  the  Indians  to  make  peace.  At  any  rate,  it  could  do  no  harm 
to  try;  for  both  the  French  and  the  Indians  promised  to  see  that  the 
popular  old  Captain  and  his  companion  returned  in  safety  that  very 
night.  Gladwin,  having  little  hojje  of  turning  Pontiac  from  his  pur- 
poses, was  reluctant  to  intrust  Captain  Cam])bell  to  their  hands;  but  the 
Captain,  relying  on  the  friendsliij)  that  had  existed  between  him  and  the 
savages,  no  less  than  on  the  j)romises  of  tlie  French,  urged  to  be  allowed 
to  go  to  the  council.  The  deciding  influence  which  brought  Gladwin  to 
consent  was  the  absolute  necessity  of  getting  into  the  fort  a  supply  of 
corn.  Hour  and  bear's  grease;  for  the  garrison  had  in  store  not  more  than 
enough  for  three  weeks.  So-,  while  Captain  Campbell  and  Lieutenant 
McDougall  went  off  with  high  hopes,  the  prudent  commandant,  under 
cover  of  the  darkness,  set  about  gathering  provisions  from  the  French 
settlers  across  the  river. 

Scarcely  had  the  embassy  of  peace  crossed  the  cleared  space  about  the 
fort  than  they  were  met  by  M.  Gouin,  who  tirst  urged  and  then  begged 
them  not  to  trust  their  lives  in  the  hands  of  the  now  excited  Indians. 
The  appeal  was  vain.  Yet  even  while  the  party  were  making  their  way 
along  the  bank  of  the  river,  they  were  set  upon  by  a  crowd  of  Indians,  at 
whose  hands  they  would  have  fared  ill  indeed  had  not  Pontiac  himself 
come  to  the  rescue.  On  reaching  the  appointed  place  of  meeting,  they  found 

■0  Cooler  and  other  historiane  oonfase  Captain  CampbeU  with  Major  Campbell,  who  came  later. 


622 


TIIR  OLADVVIN   MANURCUnTH. 


tiw  liiipHi  !■ II  lUI.'.l  « il  h  Tiviirh  iiinl  Iti<!iiiiiM.    In  i  li.Mfiil.T  (»f  tin-  Knuip 

Hilt  M.  ( '11111. Mi.',  iiniiv.il  ill  ii  lull  iiiid  fouf  mionit'd  wllli  «nl(i  Int.-."     Ik- 
k<'|»l  liJH  Hi'jil  wIm'Ii  llif  I  wo  nlllrns  tiittn-tl  1111*1  n-iiiiiliK'il  rovcrtd  iliiiiiiK 
thr  niiifiTt'licf.      WIh'Ii  I.IvihI  \\iis  piisMcl.  lit-  ill."  .Mif  pi.'..-  !«•  hIm.W   III." 
lii.liiiiiH.  iiH  li.'  sal. I.  lliiil  il  WiiH  iinl  |.<»is..mMl.     i'..iiliiic.  ii.l.lr.-HHiiin  liiiii 
H.-ir  I..  M.  ("Mill,  ri.-,  (iiillilv  Hiii.i  I  lull  Ik-  I.m.K.'.I  iiim.ii  Hi.-  Kifiicliiiiiiii  iih 
liiH  fiillici'  •■.•III.'  I.»  lift',    iiixl    iiM    111.'    .(•imiiiiii.iiiiil  at   Ih'li'.iit   until  Hu' 
anival  of  M.  Mcllcstr.'.  tli.-  Ioiiii.t  Fr.'n.li  . '.11111111111.111111.     Tli.ii  I'oiiiiii''. 
tiirninjr    to    Hi.'    HiitiKli    oIlic'iH,  t.ild    lli.'iii    pliiiiil.v    Unit     to    s.-.-iiiv 
l».'ii..'.  III.'  Kn^'linli  imiihI  I. 'in.'  tlic  .'ountr.v  iin.I.'i' cH.'ort  and  wilhoiit  anuM 
or  liiijiKiit,'.'.     Tli.Tciipon  M.  Ciiill.Tlc  warmly  Hlio.di  I^h'uti'iiiiiit  M.-Dou 
jrall'H  hand.  Having'.  "My  fri.'H.I.  tliis  \h  my  work;  r.'j.ii.'.-  that   I   hav.' 
ohtainc.l  sii.li  i;"«"l  ''■"""^  '■«"'  ><"'•     '  thoiifiht   I'ontla.'  would  lu'  much 
hard.T."     H.ipinK  iij.Minst  lioji.'  lor  tli.-  pirrlHt.n,  hnt  nppr.'h.-nHlvo  of  no 
IircHcnt   diuifi.'r  to  liinisfii"  aii.l   his  l.ii.thcr  ofllccr,  Captain  ('am|tb('U 
miidc  11  Hhort  but    .'iini.'Hl    i.ha    for    p.'H-f.     Tli.'n  h.'  and  Li.'iit.'nant 
M.'Doii^iall    wait.'d   anxioiiMly    for    Hi.'    UHiial    ^'riiiil  of  approval.     The 
ni(»mcnts  .Ira^'^'cd,  and  Htill  tli.-  IndianH  Kat  inipiiHsivc.     For  the  Hpace  of 
an  hour  there  wan  unhr.iken  wileni-e.     Then  Captain  Campbell,  d.'ject.'d 
by  evident  failiir.',  arose  to  retrac.'  his  st.'ps  to  the  f'lrl.     "My  father," 
Hiiid  Pontia.'  .iiii.'tly,  "will  hI.'.'Ii  toni}j;lit  in  the  1o.I;;«'h  of  his  red  children." 
The  unusual  int.'lliKeii.'e  that   had  riiis.'.l  I'onliiie  above  every  other 
Indian  chief,  had  led  tli.>  KiikHhIi  to  rely  on  IiIh  sense  of  honor,  a  quality 
rare  inde.'d  iiiikui;;  saviifjj.-s.     Wliat  .•ivilized  ra.'.'s  call  treachery  is  to 
the  Indian  l.-^jitimale  warfaiv.     H  nev.'r  occurs  to  a  savage  to  expose 
himself  to  harm  in  or.ler  to  a.'omplish  an  end  that  he  can  attain  safely 
by  deceiiti.m.     In  sjiit.'  of  all  promises,  therefore,  the  two  Englishmen 
were  sent  iind.'r  stroiif?  {^nard  to  the  house  of  M.  Meloche.     That  they 
wer.'  not  immediately  put  to  death  was  dm-  solely  to  the  fact  that  (Mad- 
win  held  sev.'ral  Pottawattamie  jirisoners,  and  I'ontiao  shrewdly  enough 
feared  that  if  the  commandant  should  retaliate  on  his  hostages,  that 
tribe  would  vanish  into  the  for.'st,  leaving  him  without  the  support  he  so 
much  needed. 

Captain  Campbell  and  Lieutenant  McDougall  trusted  to  the  promises 
of  the  French  more  than  to  those  of  the  Indians.  It  has  been  assumed 
that  the  French  at  Detroit  wi-re  the  victims  of  the  Tontiac  conspiracy 
only  to  a  less  degree  than  were  the  English.  It  is  true  that  there  were  a 
few-  jirudent  Fn/nch  farmers  who  gave  to  tj  lad  win  what  assistance  they 
could  give  without  drawing  down  on  themselves  the  enmity  of  the 
Indians;  but  it  was  g.-nerally  believed  among  the  French  that  the  Eng- 
lish would  soon  be  driven  out  of  New  France,  and  thiU  the  French  king 
would  again  be  their  monarch.    For  two  centuries  the  warfare  between 

1 1  (iladwin  MSti. 


ii 


THE  OI-ADWIN   MANUHCIIII'TH 

rrrncli  mill  Kti^liHli  ovt  r  ilir  liii  iiiMlt-  liiitl  Wrii  iin  hnrlnirouH  iih  wnr  wan 
in  KuroprdnrliiK  IIh-hiiiiu'  (liiic;  liiitiinii  lift-  «»ii  citlH  r  Hide  of  Hit'  Afliinllf 
wiiH  iiol  cniiMiilt'Ccd  w.irlli  II  Kiiiu'M  Hi'iiDiiH  <(»iiMiil(!iili«>ii;  nixl  (In-  hoI- 
(Her  ttf  Hint  diiy  in  rvcrv  iiiilioii  wiih  a  I'nM'lionhr.  It  is  not  HiirpriHiiiK 
tliat  tlic  Fn-iirii  tni»!»'iM  iiu<l  wooii  iiiiiKt-rH  at  Drtrolt  mIiuiiIiI  liavc  Mi'i/.»'(1 
ii|i(in  roiitiat'H  war  In  dfupoil  tlu'lr  aiiricnt  ciirinifH  and  tlicir  coniiurror" 
of  IcHH  tliaii  tlin-.'.Vfars' HlandiiiK'.  TIk- oiil.v  caiiMf  for  siirpfiMc  iH  tliat  tlut 
Frciicli  di»i  not  from  tlii"  ntarl  o|»tiilv  iiialxc  roiiiiiioii  .iiisc  willi  I'oii'.iac. 
Tliat  tlifv  Mccrctl.v  unvi-  aid  and  ciicourauoin'iit  to  lli<>  liidiaiiH  waH 
rfpcalcdlv  cliaiKod  b.v  Ciiadwiii.  Tho  convincinK  proof  of  liiH  iiHsortioiiM 
iH  to  li«'  found  in  tiic  olllcial  n-porlH  of  iii(|uiricH  'h-  laiiHcd  to  he  hold  at 
Detroit  diiriiiK'  llic  sicnc,  roporls  wliicii  aflor  tiioio  tlian  a  coiitiiry  and  ii 
(luartcr  (tf  oblivion,  liavc  Imch  found  and  made  .ivailalilc  by  one  of  (SIiul- 
win'HdcMcondants.  Tlir  problem  f<»r  (lladwin  waH  to  iiold  out  at  Detroit 
until  both  the  Kreneli  and  Ii dians  eoiild  be  eonvinced  that  the  Kreii.h 
government  could  not  asnisl  teem  and  that  »he  pt-ace  willi  Kn^land  was 
definite  iind  lasting'. 

The  terniH  jiropoHcd  t(»  ('ajitain  <'amitl'.ll  wi-re  olTered  next  day  to 
<Jlad\vin.  and  the  French  :ir>ied  him  to  ewcape  wliile  lie  iiiiKlit ;  but  the 
youiif;  KuKliNhnian  abscdutely  refuH«'d  to  make  any  lerniH  with  Hava^eH. 
His  soldiers  caught  his  spirit,  so  that  lie  was  able  lo  write  conlideiitly  to 
(leneral  Amlu'rHt,  that  he  would  hold  out  until  Huecor  hIiouIiI  come.  The 
schooner  (lladicin,  which  bore  the  dispatch,  eluded  routine's  canoes; 
and  when  the  ciiief  reported  his  failure  to  M.  Ciiillerie,  the  Frenchmnn 
jeered  at  him  because  live  canoes  withdrew  at  the  death  of  a  a'nuilv  Pot- 
tawattamie.^' 

Now  beftan  a  lon^  series  of  disasters  to  the  Enp;lish.  One  by  one  the 
results  of  IVmtiac's  plotting;  transpired.  KverythinK  seemed  to  be  fjr,- 
ing  way  before  the  exulting  savages.  On  May  21!  news  came  of  the  cap- 
ture of  Fort  Sandusky.'''  At  the  incjuiry  Knsijjn  Taully  testified  that  on 
May  17  his  sentry  called  him  to  speak  witii  some  Indians  at  the  jrate. 
Finding  some  of  his  own  Indians  in  the  pnity,  lie  allowed  seven  to  enter 
the  fort  and  gave  them  t(d)acco.  Soon  one  of  the  seven  raised  his  head 
as  a  signal,  whereupim  the  two  sitting  next  the  ollicer  seized  and  bound 
him  and  hurried  him  from  the  room,  lie  jiassed  his  sentry  dead  in  the 
gateway  and  saw  the  corjises  of  his  little  garrison  lying  about.  IJis  ser- 
geant was  killed  in  the  garden  where  he  had  been  planting;  the  mer- 
chants were  dead  and  their  stores  were  plundered.  The  Indians  spared 
Paully  and  took  him  to  their  camp  at  Detroit,  where  he  was  adopted  as 
the  husband  of  a  widowed  scpiaw,  from  whose  toils  he  finally  escaped  to 
his  friends  in  the  fort.  On  May  IS,  Fnsign  Holmes,  who  commnnded  the 
garrison  of  the  Miamis,  was  told  by  a  Frenchman  that  Detroit  had  been 

>a  Qladwin  M83. 


i 


^1 


si« 


<  H 


W 


ft!-. 

if, 

1  ;■!'' 


l^iv 


irs 

V 

\h 

i 

1'' 

1 

t. 

W 

M' 

4h 

'T 

4 

A 

624 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


att.ickcd,  whereupon  tlie  enajgn  oallod  in  his  men  and  set  them  at  work 
makinp  cartridges.  Tliree  days  later  Holmes'  Indian  servant  besought 
liim  to  bleed  one  of  her  friends  who  lay  ill  in  a  cabin  outs'de  the  stock- 
ade. On  his  errand  of  mercy  lie  wiis  shot  dead.  The  terrified  garrison 
of  nine  were  only  too  gl;id  1o  surrender  at  the  command  of  two  French- 
men. I'onliac's  messengers,  who  wei-e  on  llieir  wiiy  to  the  Illinois  to  got 
a  commandant  for  Detroit.  On  May  25,  at  Fort  St.  Joseph,  seventeen 
Pottawattamies  came  into  Lieutenant  Schlosser's  room  on  the  pretense 
of  iiolding  a  council.  A  Frenchman  who  had  heard  that  treachery  was 
planned,  rushed  in  to  give  the  alarm,  whercu]»on  Lieutenant  Schlosser 
was  seized,  ten  of  the  garrison  were  killed,  and  the  other  three  with  the 
commandant  were  made  ]»risoners.  They  were  afterwards  brought  to 
Detroit  and  exchanged. 

On  the  29th  the  long  expected  bateaux  from  Niagara  were  seen  com- 
ing up  the  river.  With  joyful  hearts  tlie  garrison  looked  forward  to  the 
end  of  their  tedious  siege.  Hut  as  tlie  boats  came  nearer,  the  English 
saw  with  dismay  that  Indians  were  the  masters  of  the  craft.  When  the 
foremost  bateaux  came  op])osite  the  schooner,  two  soldiers  in  her  made 
the  motion  to  change  roviing  places.  Quickly  they  seized  the  Indians 
and  threw  them  overboard.  One  Indian  carried  his  assailant  with  him 
and  in  the  struggle  both  found  de.i^h.  Another  soldier  struck  the 
remaining  Indian  over  the  head  with  an  oar  and  killed  him.  Under  the 
fire  of  sixty  savages  on  the  shore  the  three  plucky  Englishmen  escaped- 
to  the  vessel  with  their  prize,  which  contained  eight  barrels  of  most 
acceptable  pork  and  flour.  Of  the  ten  bateaux  that  had  set  out  from 
Niagara  under  Lieutenant  Cuyler,  eight  had  been  captured  and  the  force 
had  been  completely  routed  by  an  Indian  surprise  and  night  attack. 
Following  the  capture  of  the  bateaux  came  the  darkest  days  of  the  siege. 
Often  during  a  whole  day.  the  Indians,  drunken  on  the  rum  from  the  cap- 
tured stores,  did  not  fire  a  shot,  but  in  their  fiendish  glee  they  gave  notice 
of  their  presence  by  sending  the  scalped  and  mangled  bodies  of  English 
captives  to  float  ])ast  the  i)alisades  in  sight  of  the  sentries. 

To  add  to  these  tales  of  disaster  came  Father  La  .launay,  missionary 
at  Micliilimackinac  (Old  Mackinac)  1o  tell  the  bloodiest  story  of  all.  On 
June  2,  the  Chippewas  living  near  the  fort  assembled  for  their  usual 
game  of  ball.  They  played  from  morning  till  noon  and  Captain  George 
Etiieriugton  and  Lieutenant  Leslie  stood  by  to  watch  the  sport.  Suddenly 
the  ball  wt's  sti'uck  over  the  palisades.  A  dozen  Indians  rushed  through 
the  gate  to  get  it.  Uefore  the  dazed  sentry  could  recover,  the  Captain 
and  Lieutenant  weic  seized  and  liui-ried  off;  tiie  Indians  within  tlie  fort 
had  received  from  ihv  stjuaws  stationed  there  hatchets  hidden  under 
their  blankets;  in  an  instant  Lieutenant  Janiet,  fifteen  soldiers  and  a 
trader  named  Tracy  were  put  to  death,  five  others  were  reserved  for  a 


T 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


625 


like  fate,  and  the  reiiiainiU'r  of  the  {jarrison  wore  made  prisoners.  Had 
it  not  been  for  tlie  powerful  inlluence  of  Charles  Lanjjlade'''  and  his 
friends  the  Ottawas.  all  the  Enplisli  must  have  ju'rished;  as  it  was  Cap- 
tain Etherington,  Lieutenant  Leslie,  with  fourieen  nvn.  wore  hold  until 
July  18,  and  were  then  taken  lo  Monlroal  by  the  Ottawas. 

On  Sunday,  the  2Gth  of  .lunv,  I'ontiae,  for  niinjiled  purposes  of  religion 
and  business,  paddled  across  the  {iroon  river  to  attend  mass  in  the  little 
French  chapel.  When  the  services  w^vv  over,  the  chief  selected  three  of 
the  chairs  in  which  the  thrifty  French  had  been  carried  to  church,  and 
niakinp  the  owners  his  chairmen,  ho  and  his  jjuard  set  otf  on  a  search  for 
provisions.  He  imitated  the  credit  certificates  issued  by  Oladwin  and 
gave  in  ])ayment  for  cattle  billets  signed  by  liis  mark,  the  picture  of  a 
coon.  The  provisions  were  transported  to  Por.tiac's  camp  near  Parent's 
Creek,  and  in  duo  time  the  billets  were  redeemed.  Tiie  next  day  Pontine 
sent  another  summons  lo  surrender,  saying  that  nine  hundred  Indians 
were  on  their  way  from  Michilimacl  'aac,  and  if  Gladwin  v/aited  till 
those  Indians  came  he  would  not  b'  answerable  for  the  consequouces. 
Gladwin  replied  that  until  Captain  (  jimpboll  and  Lieutenant  McDougall 
were  returned,  Pontiac  might  save  himself  the  trouble  of  sending  mes- 
sages to  the  fort.  To  this  the  wily  Pontiac  made  answer  that  lie  had  too 
much  regard  for  his  distinguished  captives  to  send  them  back;  because 
the  kettle  was  on  the  fire  for  the  entire  garrison,  and  in  case  they  were 
returned  he  should  have  to  boil  them  with  the  rest. 

On  the  30th  of  June,  the  Qladtcin,  returning  from  Niagara,  plowed  her 
way  up  the  white-capped  river  and  landed  a  force  of  fifty  men,  togeth'  p 
with  provisions  and  some  much  needed  ammunition.  For  two  months 
Gladwin  had  guarded  Detroit  against  surprise  and  had  sustained  a  siege 
conducted  by  Pontiac  in  person,  while  fort  after  fort  had  fallen  before 
the  savuges.  As  the  Indians  returned  from  their  successes  elsewhere 
they  wore  more  and  more  eager  for  the  overthrow  of  the  one  fort  that 
hitherto  had  battled  all  their  efforts.  In  his  extremity  Pontiac  now 
turned  on  the  French  and  threaujied  to  force  them  to  take  up  arras 
against  the  English.  During  the  siege,  however,  copies  of  the  definitive 
treaty  between  France  and  F:n gland  had  reached  Detroit;  and,  on  July  4, 
Cfladwin  assen  hied  the  French,  read  to  them  the  articles  of  pesvoo,  and 
sent  a  copy  across  the  river  to  the  priest.  Thereupon,  forty  Frenchmen 
choosing  James  Stirling  as  their  loader,  took  service  under  Gladwin.  On 
this  same  day  i\  party  fi'om  the  fort  made  a  sortie  for  the  purpose  of 
bringing  in  so^uo  powder  and  lead  from  the  house  of  M.  Baby,  who  had 
taken  refuge  in  the  fort.  Lieutenant  Hay,  an  old  Indian  fighter,  com- 
manded the  force,  and  in  his  exultation  over  driving  off  an  attacking 


"  Charles  LangUiie  was  boru  »♦  Mackinac.  He  nrgwl  npon  the  French  commandant  at  Fort  Dn- 
qnesne  the  neceseitf  of  snrprieina  Hralrtock's  forces  in  1775,  and  himself  led  the  Indians  m  that  snrpriso. 
Donbtleea  Pontiac  then  fonght  with  h.m. 

79 


_i..-WJ 


/ 


r 


626 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 


party,  he  tore  the  sealp  from  the  head  of  a  wounded  Indian  and  shook 
his  trophy  in  the  face  of  his  eneniies.  It  liappened  that  the  one  of  the 
savapes  lulled  was  the  son  of  a  Chippewa  chief;  and  as  soon  as  the  tribe 
heard  of  their  disaster  they  went  to  Tontiac  lo  reproach  him  for  being 
the  cause  of  their  ills,  saying  that  he  was  ver,  brave  in  taldng  a  loaf  of 
bread  or  a  beef  from  a  Frenchman  who  made  no  resistance,  but  it  was 
the  Chippewas  who  had  all  the  men  killed  and  wounded  every  day. 
Therefore,  they  said,  they  intended  to  take  from  him  what  he  had  been 
saving.  Lieutenant  McDougall  had  already  made  his  escape  to  the  fort; 
but  they  went  to  Meloche's  house,  where  the  brave  old  Captain  Campbell 
was  still  confined.  They  stripped  him,  carried  him  to  their  camp,  killed 
him,  took  out  his  lieart  nnd  ate  it,  cut  oft  his  head,  and  divided  his  body 
into  small  pieces.  Such  was  the  end  of  a  brave  soldier,  esteemed,  loved 
and  sincerely  mourned  in  liic-  army  from  Gcjicra!  Amherst  and  Colonel 
Houcpiet  down  to  Ihe  privates  who  served  under  him. 

At  midnight  on  July  10  the  sentries  in  the  fort  saw  floating  down  the 
black  river  a  great  mass  of  fire.  The  {lames,  feeding  on  faggots  and 
birch-bark,  leaped  high  in  the  air,  lighting  up  the  forest-covered  island 
in  the  background  and  bringing  into  high  relief  the  whitewashed  cot- 
tages Ihat  lined  the  shore.  Hurried  by  the  swift  current,  a  great  fire 
raft,  built  by  the  French  and  Indians,  made  for  the  two  vessels  anchored 
in  the  stream;  but  the  alert  crews  had  anticipated  their  danger  and  were 
prepared  for  it.  The  vessels  were  anchored  by  two  cables,  and  as  the 
flaming  pile  approached,  they  sliiiped  one  cable  and  easily  swung  out 
of  the  way  of  the  enemy. 

The  hot  days  succeeded  each  other  all  too  slowly;  but  on  the  29th  of 
July  the  guards  heard  Ci-ing  down  the  river,  and  half  an  hour  later  the 
surprised  sentries  saw  the  broad  surface  of  the  river  dotted  with  bateaux, 
the  regular  dip  of  whose  oars  was  borne  a  long  way  on  the  still  morning 
flir.  A  detachment  of  two  liundred  and  sixty  men  under  the  command 
of  Captain  Dalzell,  one  of  General  Amherst's  aides-de-ci.nip,  had  come  to 
put  an  end  to  the  siege.  Captain  Dalzell  was  an  officer  of  undoubted 
bravery,  and  the  tales  of  slaughter  he  had  heard  at  Presque  Isle  and  San- 
dusky on  his  way  to  IhMroit  made  him  anxious  to  crush  Tontiac  by  one 
bold  stroke,  (iladwin,  whom  months  of  close  acquaintance  with  the 
wary  Indian  chief  had  taught  discretion,  gave  consent  to  Dalzell's  plan 
of  a  night  attack,  only  on  the  threat  of  the  latter  to  leave  Detroit  unless 
such  a  blow  should  be  struck."  The  treacherous  French,  learning  the 
details  of  the  plan,  immediately  put  Tontiac  on  his  guard.  In  the  earliest 
hours  of  the  31st  of  July,  Dalzell  marched  a  force  of  two  hundred  and 

>*  QIadwia  nnd  MnD  maid  agree  that  the  nicrht  aUack  was  etrennnnnly  opposed  by  th4  former.  There 
la  a  tradition  (Fred. (larlihle  relates  it  as  a  fact,  in  his  report  to  the  Wavne  ("oaniy  Uiatorical  Booioty 
for  IHHO),  that  Dalzell  and  Oiadwin  both  iion(?ht  the  hand  of  Madeleine  de  Tonnancoar,  and  that  when  she 
favored  the  aid-de-camp.  Oladwin  wiltioKly  aent  hira  to  hie  death.  Inasmach  as  Oladwin  was  happily 
married  daring  the  previons  year,  this  story  is  simply  another  illastration  of  the  fnblee  that  have  gained 
carrency  in  connection  with  the  Pontiao  conspiracy. 


It-:! 


r 


i-mj:ii  n  I'.tni  MH  t»0 


sse» 


=?=>~= 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


627 


[ 


fifty  men  along  the  sandy  bank  of  the  swift  flowing  river,  passed  the  well 
enclosed  cottages  of  the  French  and  on  towards  a  little  stream  that  fell 
into  the  river  about  a  mile  and  a  lialf  above  the  fort. 

The  twenty-live  men  in  advance  liad  just  stepped  on  the  rude  bridge 
across  the  run,  when  from  the  ridges  that  fonned  the  further  side  of 
the  gully  came  a  volley  of  musketry  that  hurled  the  Jittle  band  in  con- 
fusion back  on  the  main  body.     In  tlie  pitchy  darkness,  cheered  on  by 
Dalzell's  steady  words  of  connnand,  the  IJritisli  swept  the  ridges  only 
to  find  themselves  chasing  those  deadly  will-o'-the-wisps,  the  flashes  of 
an  enemy's   guns.     To   fall    back   was   absoli i-ily  necessary;  but  here 
again  the  soldiers  were  met  by  the  rapid  firing  of  the  Indians  who  had 
occupied  the  liouses  and  orchards  between  the  English  and  the  fort. 
Every  charge  of  the  soldiers  only  envelojM'd  the  pursuers  in  a  maze  of 
buildings,  trees  and  fences,  while  the  Indians  beat  a  nimble  retreat, 
firing  from  behind  any  shelter  they  could  find.     From  an  open  cellar,  the 
concealed    savages   poured    a    deadly  fire  into  the  British  ranks;  but 
still  Dalzell  was  undismayed.     ^Vhere  commands  were  of  no  effect,  he 
beat  the  men  with  the  flat  of  his  sword.     Major  Robert  Rogers,  trained 
in  Indian  warfare,  burst  open  the  door  of  a  cottage  filled  with  Indians, 
and  with  his  Rangers  put  the  ambushed  savages  to  flight.    Captain  Gray 
fell  mortally  wounded  in  a  charge.     Dalzell  himself,  twice  wounded, 
went  to  the  succor  of  a  helpless  sergeant,  when  he  too  fell  dead,  and  the 
Indians  smeared  their  faces  with  his  liei  rt's  blood.     Major  Rogers,  who 
succeeded  \i>  the  command,  took  possession  of  the  well  built  Campau 
house,  where  his  soldiers,  fortified  without  by  solid  logs  and  bales  of 
furs,   and   strengthened    witliin   by   copious   draughts   from   a  keg  of 
whisky,  held  the  enemy  at  bay  until  communication  could  be  had  with 
the  fort.    Two  bateaux  armed  with  swivels  soon  came  to  the  rescue 
of  Rogers,  who  had  been  besieged  by  about  two  hundred  Indians.     The 
remainder  of  the  force  under  Captain  Grant  beat  an  orderly  retreat.     Of 
the  two  hundred  and  fifty  w  ho  went  out,  one  hundred  and  fifty-nine  were 
killed  or  wounded,  wliile  the  Indian  loss  did  not  exceed  twenty. 

This  victory  of  Bloody  Run,  as  the  creek  was  ever  afterward  called, 
restored  the  waning  fortunes  of  Bontiac,  and  every  day  brought  acces- 
sions to  his  forces.  Yet  never  since  the  siege  began  was  Major  Gladwin 
more  hopeful  of  ultimate  success.  So  the  heats  of  August  passed  with  an 
occasional  skirmish,  and  September  began.  The  Indians,  powerless 
against  the  palisades, again  turned  their  attention  to  thevessels  that  kept 
open  the  food  communication  with  the  settlers  across  the  river  and  made 
occasional  trips  to  Fort  Niagara  for  supplies  and  ammunition.  From  one 
of  these  latter  voyages  the  schooner  Oladwin  was  returning  on  the  night 
of  September  4,  when,  the  wind  failing,  she  anchored  nine  miles  below 
the  fort,  having  on  board  her  commander,  Horst,  her  mate,  Jacobs,  and 


62B 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


a  crew  of  tou  men.  Six  Iroquois,  siii)i»oHt'(l  to  bi'  friendly  to  the  English, 
had  been  liindcd  that  iiioniiiifi,  anil  to  their  bretliren  was  probably  due 
the  nifiht  attack  made  by  a  hwav  foree  of  Indians,  wiiose  light  canoes 
dropped  so  silently  down  Ihe  daik  river  that  a  single  cannon  shot  and 
one  volley  of  musketry  was  all  the  welcome  that  could  be  given  them. 
Ilorst  fell  in  the  first  onslaught,  and  .lacobs.  seeing  that  all  hope  was 
gone,  gave  the  command  to  blow  up  the  vessel.  At  tlie  word  some  Wyau- 
dottes,  wh(»  knew  the  uieahing  of  the  command,  gave  warning  to  their 
companions,  and  all  made  a  dash  overboard,  swimming  for  dear  life  to  be 
clear  of  the  dreaded  destitution.  .Jacobs,  no  less  astonished  than  grati- 
fied at  the  effect  of  his  words,  had  no  furtlu'r  trouble  that  night,  and  the 
next  morning  he  sailed  away  to  the  fort.  Six  of  tlie  sailors  escaped 
unhurt  to  wear  the  medals  presented  to  them  for  bravery." 

From  the  beginning  of  the  siege  I'ontiac  liad  relied  on  help  from  the 
French  in  the  Illinois  country,  to  whom  he  had  sent  an  appeal  for  aid. 
"Since  Father  Bellestre  departed,"  he  said,  "the  Indians  had  no  news, 
nor  did  any  letters  come  to  the  French,  but  the  English  alone  received 
letters.  The  English  say  incessantly  that  since  the  French  and  Span- 
iards have  been  overthrown,  they  own  all  the  country.  When  our  father, 
M.  Bellestre,  was  going  olT  from  lience,  he  told  us,  'My  children  the  Eng- 
lish today  overthrow  your  father;  as  long  as  they  have  the  upper  hand  ye 
will  not  have  what  ye  stand  in  need  of;  but  this  will  not  last.'  We  pray 
our  father  at  the  Illinois  to  take  pity  on  us  and  say,  'These  poor  children 
are  willing  u>  raise  me  nj).'  Why  do  we  that  which  we  are  doing  today? 
It  is  because  we  are  unwilling  that  the  English  should  possess  these 
lands;  this  is  what  causeth  thy  children  to  rise  up  and  strike  every- 
where." 

This  message  was  endorsid  by  the  Chippewas  and  by  the  French 
inhabitants  at  Detroit,  the  latter  complaining  that  they  were  obliged  to 
submit  to  Indian  exactions.  M.  Neyons,  tiie  French  commandant  in  the 
Illinois  country,  acting  under  pressure  from  General  Amherst  (who  had 
learned  from  Gladwin  how  essential  to  Pontiac's  success  was  the 
expected  help  from  the  French)  replied  to  the  appeal  that  "the  great  day 
had  come  at  last  wherein  it  had  pleased  the  Master  of  Life  to  command 
the  great  Great  King  of  France  and  liim  of  England  to  make  peace 
between  them,  sorry  to  see  the  blood  of  men  spilled  so  long."  So  these 
kings  had  ordered  all  tlieir  chiefs  and  warriors  to  bury  the  hatchet.  He 
promised  that  when  this  was  done  the  Indians  would  see  the  road  free, 
the  lakes  and  rivers  unstopped  and  ammunition  and  merchandise  would 
abound  in  their  villages;  their  women  and  children  would  be  cloaked; 
they  would  go  to  dances  and  festivals,  not  cumbered  with  heavy 
clothes,  with  skirts,  blankets  and  ribbands.     "Forget  then,  my  dear 

■^  Chapman  Abraham's  testimooy.—Ulad wio  MSS. 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTH. 


629 


children,"  he  coniiuandi'd,'"  "nil  evil  tiilks.  Leave  olT  from  spiliiiit,'  the 
blood  of  your  hretlireii,  the  Kiif;lisli.  Our  liearlH  arc  now  but  one;  you 
cauuot,  at  present,  strike  the  one  witlioiit  liavin;;  tlie  other  for  an  enemy 
also." 

This  niessafe'e  had  the  desired  etfeet.  Dated  on  Sei)t ember  27,  its  con- 
tents so  dashed  Poutiae's  h(»i)es  that  on  Oetolx'r  IL'  he  sued  m(»at  submis- 
sively for  peace.  Gladwin,  beinj,'  in  need  of  Hour,  granted  a  truce,  but 
made  no  promises,  sayinj;  that  General  Amherst  alone  had  power  to 
grant  pardon.  To  Amherst  the  commandant  wrote  that  it  would  be  }^ood 
policy  to  leave  matters  open  until  the  spring,  when  the  Indians  would  be 
so  reduced  for  want  of  powder  then-  would  be  no  danger  that  they  would 
break  out  again,  "provided  some  examples  are  made  of  our  good  friends, 
the  French,  who  set  them  on."  Gladwin  then  adds,  "No  advantage  can  be 
gained  by  prosecuting  the  war,  owing  to  the  difliculty  of  catching  tlieni 
(the  Indians).  Add  to  this  the  expense  of  such  a  war  which,  if  continued, 
the  ruin  of  our  entire  peltry  trade  must  follow  an  J  the  loas  of  a  prodi- 
gious consumption  of  our  merchandise.  It  •'  iil  be  the  means  of  their 
retiring,  which  will  reinforce  other  nations  on  the  Mississippi,  whom 
they  will  push  against  us,  and  make  ther.i  our  enemies  forever.  Conse- 
quently it  will  render  it  extremely  diflicult  to  jmss  that  country,  and 
especially  as  the  French  have  promised  to  supply  them  with  everything 
they  want." 

Then  follows  the  passage"  often  quoted  lo  show  Gladwin's  cynic^il  bru- 
tality: "They  have  lost  between  eighty  and  ninety  of  their  best  warriors; 
but  if  your  excellency  still  intends  to  punish  them  for  their  barbarities, 
it  may  be  easier  done,  without  any  expense  to  the  crown,  by  permitting 
a  free  sale  of  rum,  which  will  destroy  them  more  effectually  than  tire  and 
sword."  Parkman  closes  the  quotation  at  this  point;  but  a  very  differ- 
ent turn  is  given  to  the  matter  in  the  next  sentence,  taken  from  the  draft 
of  the  letter  in  Gladwin's  own  handwriting,  as  follows:  "But  on  the  con- 
trary, if  you  intend  to  accommodate  matters  in  spring,  which  I  hope  you 
will  for  the  above  reasons,  it  may  be  necessary  to  send  up  Sir  William 
Johnson."  This  is  the  letter  of  a  warrior,  who  was  also  somewhat  of  a 
statesman. 

Pontiac's  conspiracy  ended  in  failure.  For  tive  months  the  little  gar- 
rison at  Detroit  had  been  surrounded  by  a  thousand  or  more  savages; 
and  nothing  but  the  untiring  watchfulness  and  the  intrepid  coolness  of 
the  resourceful  commandant  saved  the  post  from  annihilation  and  pre- 
vented the  Indian  occupation  of  the  lake  country.  General  Amherst  was 
so  well  pleased  with  Gladwin's  course  during  the  lirst  four  months  of  the 
siege  that  on  September  17,  he  wrote  to  the  Secretary  at  War,  Ellis:  "As 

leOUdwiaMSd. 

>'  Qladwio  MSS,    Tbie  letter  is  in  Qladwin's  own  haodwrit.lDg,  and  is  lioabtleas  bis  original  draft, 


6S0 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


there  have  been  two  deputy  adjutants  general  Borviug  here,  I  have  taken 
the  liberty  to  sliow  a  mark  of  my  entire  satisfaction  of  Major  Gladwin's 
good  conduct  and  commendable  behavior  in  appointing  him  a  deputy 
adjutant  general;  but  to  remain  with  the  troops  at  Detroit  in  the  same 
manner  as  has  been  ordered.  This  is  no  m(  re  thn  ^  a  name,  but  should 
it  be  your  gracious  pleasure  to  api)rove  it,  and  honor  Ma.or  Gladwin 
wKli  the  rank  of  lieutenant  coioiiel,  I  am  lirmly  of  the  opinion  that  the 
promotion  of  so  deserving  an  officer  must  at  any  time  be  a  benetit  to  his 
majesty's  service,  and  this  is  the  sole  view  I  liave  in  mentioning  it  to 
you."  General  Amherst's  re<!ommendations  were  followed,  and  Gladwin 
held  the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel  until  he  was  made  a  colonel  in  1777. 

It  fell  to  the  lot  of  Colonel  Uradstreet,  the  hero  of  Fort  Frontenac,  to 
lead  the  great  force  which  was  to  confirm  the  British  power  in  the  lake 
country.  The  vain  glory  of  that  officer  led  him  to  make  with  the  Indians 
a  peace  which  General  Gates,  who  had  succeeded  Amherst,  was  com- 
pelled to  repudiate.  Bradstreet's  expedition  got  no  further  than  San- 
dusky, but  a  detachment  reached  Detroit  late  in  the  August  of  1764,  and 
on  the  last  day  of  that  month  Colonel  Gladwin  departed  from  Niagara  on 
his  way  to  New  York.  lie  was  heartily  tired  of  fighting  Indians,  and 
preferred  to  resign  rather  than  to  undertake  another  campaign  of  that 
kind.  Returning  to  England,  we  find  him  in  1774  living  a  contented  life 
with  his  wife  and  two  children;  but  ready  again  to  take  up  arms  for  his 
king.  On  a  visit  to  London  he  was  presented  to  George  III,  who  asked 
him  how  long  he  had  been  in  town.  "Three  weeks,"  replied  the  soldier, 
to  the  consternation  of  George  Wert,  who  whispered  to  him  to  say  that 
he  had  just  arrived.  "But,"  says  Gladwin,  in  a  letter  to  General  Gage, 
"as  I  went  to  court  only  on  that  occasion,  I  thought  there  could  be  no 
harm  in  speaking  the  truth." 

In  April,  1769,  Pontiac  went  to  St.  Louis.  One  day  he  arrayed  himself 
in  the  uniform  of  a  French  officer,  given  liim  years  before  by  the  Marquis 
de  Montcalm.  After  visiting  his  old  friends,  he  repaired  to  the  village 
of  Cahokia,  across  the  Mississippi,  where  he  joined  in  the  feast  given  by 
the  Illinois  Indians.  In  the  early  morning  he  left  the  town  for  the 
forest,  singing  as  he  went.  An  English  trader,  Wilkinson  by  name, 
awaiting  the  opportunity  and  thinking  to  rid  his  country  of  a  dangerous 
enemy,  promised  an  Illinois  Indian  a  barrel  of  rum  to  murder  the  famous 
chief.  This  treachery  on  the  part  of  one  of  their  number,  cost  the  Illinois 
dear,  for  Pontiac's  friends  did  not  cease  till  they  had  practically  wiped 
out  the  Illinois  nation.  The  body  of  the  chief  was  buried  with  military 
honors  near  the  fort  at  St.  Louis.  "Neither  mound  nor  tablet,"  says 
Parkman,  "marked  the  burial  place  of  Pontiac.  For  a  mausoleum  a  city 
has  risen  above  the  forest  hero;  and  the  race  whom  he  hated  with  such 
burning  rancor  trample  with  unceasing  footsteps  over  his  forgotten 
grave." 


r 


; 


SHUMnMBBCai 


I 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS.  631 


EXTRACTS    OF    LETTERS,    DECL.VRATIONE.    ETC. 

EXTHACTS    FROM  A    LETTEB   FBOM   CAPT.  UEOHOE    ETHBUINOTON.   COMJIANDANF  OP 
MIUHIUMAOK'NA(^  DATED  MICHILIMAIKIMAKIMAC,  JONE  U,  1763. 

Sir:  Notwithstanding  what  I  wrote  you  in  my  last,  that  all  the  savages 
were  arrived,  &  that  evorythinp  seemed  in  perfect  tranquility;  yet  on 
the  second  instant  the  Ch'upewas  who  live  in  a  plain  near  this  fort, 
assembled  to  i)lay  ball,  as  they  had  done  almost  every  day  since  their 
arrival;  They  play'd  from  morning  till  noon,  then  throwing  their  ball 
close  to  the  gate,  and  observing  Lieut.  Leslie  and  mo  a  few  paces  out  of 
it,  they  came  behind  us,  seized,  and  carried  us  into  the  woods.  In  the 
meantime  the  n-st  rushed  into  the  fort,  where  they  found  their  squaws, 
whom  they  had  previously  planted  there,  with  their  hatchets  hid  under 
their  blankets,  which  they  took  and  in  an  instant  killed  Lieut.  Garnet 
and  fifteen  rank  and  file,  and  a  trader  named  Tracy;  they  wounded  two 
and  took  the  rest  of  the  garrison  prisoners,  five  of  which  they  have  since 
killed. 

They  made  prisoners  of  all  the  English  traders,  and  robb'd  them  of 
everytliing  they  had;  but  offered  no  violence  to  any  of  the  persons  and 
properties  of  the  Frenchmen. 

When  this  massacre  was  over  Messrs.  Langlad  and  Farti,  the  inter- 
preter came  down  to  the  place  where  Lieut.  Leslie  and  me  were  prisoners, 
and  on  their  giving  themselves  as  security  to  return  us  when  demanded, 
they  obtained  leave  for  us  to  go  to  the  fort  under  a  guard  of  savages, 
which  g.ive  time  by  the  assistance  of  the  above  mentioned  gentlemen  to 
send  for  the  Oatewas,  who  came  down  on  the  first  notice  and  were  very 
much  displeased  at  what  the  Chippewas  had  done. 

Since  the  arrival  of  the  Oatawas  they  have  done  everything  in  their 
power  to  serve  us,  and  with  what  pr'soners  the  (Miippewas  have  given 
them  and  what  they  have  bought,  I  have  now  with  me  Lieut.  Leslie  and 
eleven  privates,  &  the  other  four  of  the  garrison  who  are  yet  living 
remain  in  the  hands  of  the  Chippewas. 

The  Chipewas,  who  are  superior  in  numbers  to  the  Outawas,  have 
declared  in  council  to  them  that  if  they  do  not  remove  us  oat  of  the  fort, 
that  they  will  cutt  off  all  communication  to  this  post;  by  which  means  all 
the  convoys  of  merchants  from  Montreal,  Labay,  St.  Joseph  &  the  upper 
posts  would  perish;  but  if  the  news  of  your  posts  being  attack'd  (which 
they  say  was  the  reason  they  took  up  the  hatchet  here)  be  false,  and  you 
can  send  up  a  strong  reinforcement  with  provisions,  etc.,  accompany'd 
by  some  of  your  savages,  I  believe  the  post  might  be  re-established  again. 
Since  this  affair  happened,  two  cannoes  arrived  from  Montreal  which  put 


I 


w^ 


■9W 


682 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


'■!! 


it  in  my  power  to  make  a  ju'eHent  to  tlie  Outawa  nation,  who  very  well 
deserve  anything  that  can  he  done  for  them. 

I  have  heen  very  mneh  oltligt'd  to  MeHsra.  LanRlad  and  Farti,  the  inter- 
preter, as  likewise  tlie  Jesuit  for  the  many  ^ood  ofliees  they  have  done 
us  on  this  occasion;  the  priest  seems  inclinable  to  >;o  down  to  your  post 
for  a  day  or  two,  which  I  am  very  glad  of,  as  he  is  a  very  good  man  and 
has  a  great  deal  to  say  with  the  savages  liereabout,  who  will  believe 
everything  he  tells  them  on  his  return,  which  1  hoi»e  will  be  soon. 

The  Outawas  say  they  will  take  Lieut.  Leslie,  me  and  the  eleven  men 
which  I  mentioned  before  was  in  their  hands,  up  to  tiieir  village  & 
there  keep  us  till  they  hear  what  is  done  at  your  post,  they  having  sent 
this  canoe  for  that  pur})ose.  1  refer  you  to  the  priest  for  the  particulars 
of  this  melancholy  affair,  and  am. 

Dear  Sir,  Yours  very  sincerely, 

(  Signed  )        Geo.  Etherinqton. 
To  Major  Henry  Oladwin,  Commandant  of  Detroit. 

p.  s.— The  Indians  that  are  to  carry  the  priest  to  Detroit,  will  not 
undertake  to  land  him  at  the  fort,  but  at  some  of  the  Indian  villages 
near  it,  so  that  you  must  not  take  it  amiss  I  hat  he  does  not  pay  you  the 
first  visit,  and  I  once  more  beg  that  nothing  may  stop  your  sending  him 
back  the  next  day  after  his  arrival,  if  possible,  as  we  shall  be  at  a  great 
loss  for  the  want  of  him,  and  I  make  no  doubt  that  you  will  do  all  in  your 
power  to  make  peace,  as  yo»i  see  the  situation  we  are  in,  and  send  up  pro- 
visions as  soon  as  jmssible  and  ammunition,  as  what  we  had  was  plun- 
dered by  the  savages.     Adiew.     G.  E.  ■ 


EXTRACT  OF  A  DECLARATION  MADE  TO    C^SAR  OORM[CK  AND  THE  THEREIN   NAMED 
WITNESSES,  AT  DETROIT,  U  JUNE,  1781. 

We  undermentioned  .lames  Sterling,  merchant,  and  Samson  Fleming, 
deputy  commissary  of  this  place,  being  call'd  by  Caesar  Cormick,  also 
merchant  here.  Do  Certify  to  have  beared  the  intelligence  "f  a  person 
whom  we  contrast,  as  being  well  informed  by  said  i)erson  hitherto,  of  all 
the  conspiracies  made  against  llisBrittanick  Majesty's  subjects  since  they 
came  to  Detroit  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  commanding  officer  particularly 
since  the  present  siege.  The  said  person  has  declared  before  us,  that 
Miny  Chain,  Jacque  Godfrey,  &  Messrs.  lieauban,  Chavin  and  Labadee 
went  from  here  the  12th  or  1.3tii  ultimo,  jeing  the  third  or  fourth  day  of 
the  siege,  publickly  as  tliey  pretended  foi"  an  officer  from  the  Illinois  to 
disperse  the  IS'ations,  and  in  this  way  they  met  John  Welch,  Merchant 
from  Miamis  in  the  Mouth  of  the  Miamis  River  with  two  Pettiagus 
loaded  with  i)eltry  bound  for  this  I'lace:  The  said  five  Frenchmen 
ordered  a  band  of  Indians  who  were  with  them  to  hide  themselves  in  the 
wood  close  by,  uutill  they  would  entice  the  English  ashore;  then  hailing 


-..-fMrni' 


r 


THE  OLADWIN  MANU8CRIPTH. 


633 


thcin  to  conie  and  Hiiiokc  a  pipe  and  Rct  tlio  news,  tlipy  canio  ashore  and 
Hate  down;  the  said  Fn'nchnu'n  tlicn  Hcised  and  tolc  tlicni  they  wcro  their 
prisonerH  and  calling  np  the  IndianH  they  divided  (lie  pn8t)ners  and 
peltry  betwixt  tlieni,  tlien  tlie  Haid  ("iiain  &  (iodfrey  detaelied  the  otlier 
three  eonii»anionH  hacl;  to  Detroit,  witli  tlieir  sliare  of  the  l)o()ty,  &  Mr. 
Welcli  priHoner;  wlio  eanie  and  lod},'ed  tlie  same  in  tlie  IlouHe  of  the 
abovesaid  Miny  (.'iiain  next  in  llie  Kettlenienl  to  tiie  Potewatanus  Vll- 
lafj".  that  tlie  Oiitawas  ('lainiinj;  Mr.  Welch  Heised,  and  murdered  him 
sine";  and  that  the  said  Outawas  eanie  this  day  seised  and  carried  oil"  the 
said  peltry,  and  tole  them  that  the  French  had  no  business  with  any  plun- 
der, but  that  it  belouK'd  entirely  to  the  Indians.  The  said  Informer  like- 
wise declared  that  the  said  (Miain  and  (Jodfrey  took  also  four  of  the  said 
Prisoners  alonf,'  with  them,  sayinp  that  tliey  would  take  them  to  the  Illi- 
nois and  make  sonji  of  them  to  spirit  uj»  the  Indians  to  War  and  come 
apainst  the  Kuj-lish,  which  lliey  now  daily  expect  here.  And  that  the 
said  ('hain  and  (Jodfrey  proceeding  with  the  same  Indians  to  Miamis, 
with  whom  they  acted  in  cc  junction  to  destroy  that  garrison:  Then 
l»arted  for  Ouitanon  intending  to  act  the  same  barbarous  part  there; 
being  in  their  way  to  Illinois. 

We  then  questioned  the  said  Informer  if  we  could  depend  upon  the 
abovesaid  intelligence,  or  from  whence  they  were  derived.  Answered, 
that  Niniway  a  Totewatamis  Chief  sent  for  Isedore  (Jhain  brother  to  the 
said  Miny  Chain  the  Evening  that  he  the  said  Niniway  arrived  with  Ensign 
Sclilosser  Commanding  Oflicer  of  St.  Josephs  and  accjuainted  him  of 
what  his  brother  Miny  had  done  at  Miamis;  that  the  said  Isedore  in  tears 
replied  that  he  wished  to  (Jod  his  Brother  might  die  in  that  Place,  for  as 
soon  as  he  arrived  at  Detroit  he  would  be  hanged.  And  that  the  said 
Informer  declares  to  have  been  present  when  all  this  was  told  by  the  said 
Niniway  in  the  house  of  the  abovesaid  Minay  Chain. 

Signed,        Cesar  Cobmiok. 
Witnesses, 

James  Sterling, 

Samuel  Fleming. 

extracted  out  of  a  lettek  from  lieut.  edward  jenkins.  commanding  at 

ouiatinon  to  major  henby  gladwin,  commandant  of  detroit, 

date  fort  odiatinon,  29  july,  1788. 

Sir:  Two  days  ago  the  Bearer  arrived  from  the  Illinois,  who  assures 
me  that  the  People  in  that  part  of  the  World  are  for  a  quiet  life,  I  mean 
the  French;  but  he  says  the  Indians  wanted  the  Commanding  officer  to 
come  and  attack  these  Posts,  which  lie  refused.  The  English  woman 
that  is  along  with  him,  told  me  that  the  Canadians  were  advising  the 
Indians  to  Murder  us  all  in  these  Posts,  but  that  they  would  not  be  seen 


M 


-mmmi^M, 


;-it:a*iif<i" 


srsrs 


634 


THE  OI.ADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 


In  It  thoniHclvoH;  but  1  Rlmll  t»\y  no  nioro  of  It,  ns  tlic  woniiin  will  neqiinint 
you  nil  she  knows  about  It;  She  BnyH  she  henred  the  bearer  talk  of; 
indeed  I  would  have  examined  him.  but  ilie  wouuin  waH  afraid,  as  she 
was  to  po  farther  with  him,  &  you  are  in  a  much  better  jdace  for  it  than  I. 

EXTBACT  OF  A  LKTrKll  FHOM   LIKOT.  EUWAKD  JKNKINS,  COMMANDINH  AT   OUIATINON 
DATKD  iH  MAIICH,  n8».  TO  MAJOR  HENKY  OALDWIN.  COMMANDINd  AT  DETBOIT. 

Hir:  The  bearer  arrived  from  the  I'ost  last  Hunday,  with  two  more 
Deserters  and  his  wife.  They  have  not  lieard  yet  below  of  the  cessation 
of  Arms,  and  I  am  acciuainted  by  Monsieur  I-a  llond  that  we  have 
attacked,  or  at  least  blocked  up  some  Place  near  the  Mississiitpi;  indeed 
I  dou't  well  understand  him  as  lie  has  an  odd  way  of  talking,  but  Capt. 
Campble  will  understand  him  better.  Mr.  Crawford  acfpiainted  me  this 
morning  that  the  Canadians  that  are  here  are  eternally  telling  lies  to  the 
Indians,  and  tells  me  likewise  that  the  Interpreter  and  one  La  Pointe 
told  the  Indians  a  few  days  apo  Ihat  we  should  all  be  Priscmers  in  a  short 
time  (showing  Ihem  when  the  corn  was  about  a  foot  high)  that  there  was 
a  great  Army  to  come  from  the  Mississippi;  &  that  Ihey  were  to  iiave  a 
great  number  of  Indians  with  them,  therefor  advised  them  not  to  help 
us;  That  they  would  soon  take  Detroit  and  these  small  Posts,  and  that 
tiien  they  would  take  Quebec,  Montreal  &.  Ca.  and  go  into  our  country. 
This  I  am  informed  rhey  tell  them  from  one  end  of  the  year  to  the  other, 
with  a  great  deal  more  that  I  cannot  remember.  I  am  convinced  that 
while  they  are  permitted  to  trade  here  that  the  Indians  here  never  will 
be  in  our  Interest,  for  although  our  Merchants  sells  them  a  stroud  for 
three  lieaver,  they  will  rather  give  six  to  a  French  man.  It  is  needless 
in(iuiriug  into  the  affair  as  the  ^•'rench  have  so  much  inil-a;>nce  over  them, 
that  they  will  deny  what  the}  said,  for  the  other  day  I  had  the  Express 
bef(»re  me  for  saying  we  should  all  be  fighting  by  and  by;  but  could 
make  nothing  of  it  as  the  Indians  were  afraid  to  own  it  before  him,  altho 
the  Indians  that  heared  them  talk  of  it  stood  to  it.     I  am, 

Yours,  &c.. 


RXTHACT    OF   A  LETTEtt    FROM    BICHABD    WINSTON,  MERCH'T  AT    ST.    JOSEPH'S,    TO 
THE  EN(iL18H  MERCHANTS  AT  DETROIT.    DATED  ST.  JOSEPH,  19  JDNE,  1788. 

(Sentlemen:  I  address  myself  to  you  all,  not  knowing  who  is  alive  or 
who  is  dead,  I  have  only  to  inform  you  tliat  by  the  Bleasing  of  the 
Almighty,  &  the  hel])  of  Mr.  Louisou  Chevalie  I  escaped  being  killed 
when  this  unfortunate  tSarrisou  was  massacred.  Mr.  Hamback  and  me 
being  hid  in  the  House  of  the  said  Chevalie  for  four  days  and  nights;  Mr. 
Hamback  is  brought  by  the  Savages  to  the  Illinois,  likewise  Mr.  Chin, 
unfortunate  me  remains  here  Captive  with  the  Savages.     I  nihst  say  that 


I  I 


TO 


T 


'^ 


i 


I 


TUE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIITS. 


686 


I  uu'fl  wllh  no  bad  \m\in\  however  1  would  Hint  I  wim  wUli  hoiiu;  (MirU- 
tian  or  other,  I  am  (piito  naked,  iV:  Mr.  Cawtaerew  wlio  Ih  indebted  to  Mr. 
Coh',  would  not  give  nie  an  ineh  to  Have  nie  from  Death,  who  tiie  day 
before  the  muHHacre  here  to  pay  me  part  of  said  Debt,  but  Hince  that 
denyd  in  the  proHiice  <»f  Mr.  (Mievalie,  that  he  owed  lue  aiiylhinix,  nntill 
I  ju'odneed  hin  note,  he  then  said  his  note  was  no  order  to  pay  any  part 
of  said  debt  to  me,  i  am  informed  llial  Caslairew  has  information  that 
Mr.  Colo  was  killed  on  hlH  way  from  NMa^ara;  I  have  nothinj,'  to  say  con- 
cerninf?  our  enemy  here  but  that  tliey  recommend  to  tlie  sava^'H  at 
Detroit  to  quiet  t'heir  tiring  upon  tlie  Fort  at  Detroit,  that  as  the  Hlx 
Nations  began  the  War  they  might  persist  in  it.  We  are  informed  that 
at  Mlaniis  Mr.  Holmes  and  part  of  his  (Jarrison  were  killed,  the  other 
part  carried  down  the  Wabash  to  joyn  the  (Jarrison  of  Ouitinon  and  car- 
ried nil  to  the  Illinois;  At  Ouitinon  tiiere  was  not  one  killed  but  all  taken 
Prisoners.     1  am,  &c. 

EXTBACT  OF  A  LETTBH  FHOM  EDMO.ND  MOBAN,  MEBCHANT  AT  FOBT  EDWABD  AUGU8- 

TUS,   TO  MB.   JOSEPH    SPEAB    AND    COMPANY,    MEttUUANTS. 

AT  DETROIT.  DATED  W  MAY,  1763. 

Sir:  The  Indians  would  do  very  well  here  but  for  the  Canadians;  They 
spirit  them  up  to  everything  thats  bad  against  the  English.  I  am  sure 
that  it  will  never  be  wortli  any  English  Traders  while  to  follow  this 
Trade  unless  the  French  are  prohibited  to  come  here. 

Yrs,  &c. 

EXTRACT  OF  A  LETTEB  FBOM  LIEOT.  EDWARD  JENKINS  TO  MAJOR  HENRY  (JLADWIN 
COMMANDINCJ  AT    DETBOIT,  DATED  OOITINON.  1  JDNE.    1783. 

Sir:  I  have  beared  of  your  situation  which  gives  me  much  pain,  indeed 
we  are  not  a  great  deal  better,  for  this  morning  the  Indians  sent  for  me 
to  speak  with  me,  &  immediately  bound  me  when  I  got  1  >  their  cabbin,  & 
I  soon  found  some  of  my  soldiers  in  the  same  situation.  They  told  me 
Detroit, Miamis  and  all  these  J'osts  were  cutt  ofE,and  that  it  was  a  folly  to 
make  any  resistance,  therefor  desired  me  to  make  the  few  soldiers  I  had 
in  the  Fort  surrender,  otherwise  they  would  put  all  of  us  to  death  in  case 
one  man  of  theirs  was  killed.  They  were  to  have  fallen  on  us  and  killed 
us  all  last  Night,  but  Monsieurs  Maisonville  &  Lorrain,  gave  them  Wam- 
pum not  to  kill  us  all,  and  when  they  told  the  Interpreter  we  were  all  to 
be  killed  &  he  knowing  the  Canadians  of  the  Fort  beged  of  them  to  make 
ns  Prisoners.  They  have  put  us  into  the  French  houses  and  both  Indians 
.  and  French  use  us  very  well.  All  these  Nations  say  they  are  very  sorry, 
that  they  were  obliged  to  do  it  by  the  other  Nations.  The  belt  did  not 
arrive  here  till  last  night  about  Eight  o'clock;  Mr.  Lorrain  can  inform 
you  of  all.    Just  now  received  the  news  of  St.  Joseph's  being  taken, 


^ 


m 


(S8H 


TflK  OI.ADWIN  MANUSCRIirra. 


ch'Vi'ii  wric  klllnl  iiiul  (line  tiikt'ii  PrlKoiicrH  wKli  (lie  ((fllctT;  I  liiivo 
notliliit;  iiutri'  to  nny  but  (lint  I  Hlnccn'lv  wIhIi  .vom  ii  Hpfcdy  Huctoiif,  ft 
tliiit  \vr  iiiiiv  lu'  nl)l('  lu  icvciiyc  oiiiHclviH  on  llicm  that  dt'Hcrvc  It.  I 
iTimiiii  Willi  \u\,  siiiccivHl  vviHiicH  for  .vitiir  siilVly,  &c.,  N.  M.  We  rxpi'd 
to  Hct  olT  In  a  da.v  or  two  for  the  IllinoiH. 

KXrUACT  (•!•   A  (OIJUTOK   KNQUIUY  IIKLI)  IIY  OIlDKIl  OK   MAIOR   HKSUV  '  I.AOWIN  To 

KNlJIIKKINTO  TIIK  MANNKH  OK  TIIK  TAKINd   nK  TIIK  KOKI'MHT    DUSKV,  »T. 

.lOSKIMIH,  MUUIrtANI)  I'KKiyUlfJI.K,  DKTUOIT,  «  .IVIA,  mi. 

raptain  llopkiiiH,  rrcHulcnt. 

Lieut,    lla.v,   tiOth    Kt'(,'inH'n(,    KukIhii    Vovvy  of  the  giu'cn'H  Hanj?t'r8, 
MeiubcrH. 

KiihIkii  I'awh'c  who  coinniaiKlrd  at  Koil  SandiinUoy  InlontiH  the  Court 
that  on  (he  HixIccndi   of    Ma.v    ho    was  liifoiiiicd  by  IiIn  Sentry  at  the 
(Sate,  that  there  were  Indians  come  who  wanted  lo  sp.-iik  to  hini,  upon 
which  he  went  to  hcc  who  (hey  were,  and  (hiding  (hem  (o  he  s(»nie  of  his 
own  Indians  who  received  him  very  friendly,  he  pernii((ed  seven  of  (hem 
to  come  in  and  j,'ave  (hem  a  li((le  (obaccoe  (o  snioak;  In  a  Hhor(  (inie  after 
one  of  them  raised  up  his  head;  which  he  supposes  was  a  si;,Mial,  upon 
which  (he  (wo  that  sat  next  him  si-ized  and  lied  him,  widiout  .saying  ji 
word  and  carried  him  out  of  his  liooin;  where  In-  found  his  sentry  Dead 
in  the  (iateway  with  (he  rest  of  tiie  (iarrison  one  here  and  there  all  mas- 
sacred, and  (lie  Fort  surrounded  l»y  Indians;  His  Serp'inM  who  had  been 
plauduf,'  HonielhiuK'  in  his  {,'arden  was  killed  (here;  who  iio(wi(hsandiug 
ho  had  j,'iven  repeated  orders  that  in  case  any  Indians  came  to  the  Fort, 
every  man  should  immediately  come  in;   The  Merchants  were  all  killed 
and  everythiuK  (hey  hid  plundered;  from  whence  he  was  l)rouj,'ht  to  the 
Indian  Camp  at  this  p  >'">,  where  he  remained  prisoner  untill  the  third 
ins(ant,  when  he  mad-?  his  escape  into  the  Fort.     The  Indians  that  he 
permitted  to  come  in  were  four  Ilurons,  and  three  Outawas  who  live  near 
the  Fort.     Ensign  Hchlosser  who  commanded  at  Fort  St.  Josephs  informs 
the  Court  (hat  on  the  Jflth  day  of  May  between  !)  &  10  in  the  nu)rning, 
he  was  acquainted  that   there   was  a  party  of  Detroit  Tutawatarais 
arrived  to  see  their  relations  there,  and  who  intended  to  come  and  wish 
him  a  good  morning,  a  few  minutes  after  a  Frenchman  came  and  told  him 
that  there  was  somelndlans  come  with  an  ill  design, upon  which  he  run  to 
the  Barracks  to  get  the  soldiers  under  Arms,  and  upon  entering  found 
them  full  of  Indians,  upon  which  he  ordered  his  Sergeant  to  use  all  his 
endeavors  to  get  under  aims;  while  he  assembled  the  French  and  imme- 
diately went  to  speak  to  thera,  who  were  already  assembled  at  his  room, 
and  in  two  or  three  minutes  after  he  was  entered  he  heard  a  cry  in  the  Bar- 
racks, upon  which  those  Indians  that  were  in  the  room  with  him  secured 
him,  &  those  that  were  without  seised  the  sentry  at  the  Gate,  and  rushed 


r 


\ 


TIIR  ni,AI)WIN  MANUaCKIITH. 


r.H7 


in,  111  Hiu-li  iiiiiiilx'iH  tlmt   llit',v  iiiiiHHiu-rcii  all  thi' (hirriHoii  cxccitt  tlirco  In 

ulioiit  two  tiiitiiilcH  (S:  pliiiKlfrcd  lli«>  Foft Iiiiiicn  Kcmmh,  Hol- 

(iifi-  hi  till-  IKIlii  |{r(;iiiiriil  will)  wiiN  oiii-  of  I  he  <!iii-riHiiii  of  MiiiiiiiH  iiifoi'iiiH 
I  III*  ('iiiit'l  Hull  iilidiil  IIk-  L':t(l  Miiv  II  i''i'<-iit'liiiiiiii  iii'i'lvi'il  lliiTr  who 
infoi'iiit'd  I'iiiHl^ii  lIuliiii'K  who  ruiiiiiiiiiiiini,  lliiil  wlini  h«>  left  llic  mouth 
of  the  Ulvci*  Ix'low  Dftrolt  Ik*  licarrd  the  ilriii^  of  iiiiiiioii,  which  tiiadt' 
him  hi-lii-vt'  IIiIh  Foil  wiih  iilliickt-d,  Ihiil  .Mr.  Iloliiiis  Ihcii  oi'dcrcd  the 
iiK'ii  of  I  he  (iiinison  lo  rciiiiilii  wilhiii  the  Tori  iiiid  Ht-lt  I  hem  lo  make 
(■ai'trid};t>H,  Unit  tlicl'Tlh  in  IIm'  inoniin^  a  HCjuaw  tlial  lived  with  Mr. 
IIoliiH'H  caiiu-  into  the  Fort  iS:  told  him  that  I  here  waH  another  H(]iiaw  in  a 
Cabliiii  nhoiil  Ihi'ee  liiindii'd  >iirdN  from  Hit-  ImmI  llial  was  very  ill,  and 
wanted  him  lo  Meed  her  upon  which  he  went  out  wit  h  lier  and  in  a  Hhort 
time  after  the.v  lieared  two  hIioI  tireil,  ii|ioti  wliich  the  Serjeant  went  out 
to  Hee  what  wiih  the  matter,  and  upon  IiIh  cominij;  up  to  two  or  three 
Indians  tiiat  was  in  si^ht  of  llie  Fori,  they  took  him  jirisoner,  having 
killed  Mr.  Holmes  before,  upoi.  which  the  men  in  the  Fori  shut  the  (iatcM, 
and  p)l  upon  the  pickets  lo  look  out,  when  lliey  saw  one  Welch  who  had 
been  taken  i)risoner  some  days  before,  &  two  Fren<'hmen,  who  by  evident 
description  must  be  one  (lodfrey  and  Miny  Chain  thai  went  from  this  to 
the  Illinois  for  Pondiac  las  th(>  Indians  said)  for  a  Commandant  for  the 
IMace,  who  called  to  them  to  aixr  up  the  Fort,  otherwise  they  would  all 
be  put  to  Death,  but  if  they  would  resifjn  their  lives  should  be  all  saved, 
upon  which  the  men  consulted  amonpst  themselves  &  thoiifiht  it  best  to 
>;ive  it  up  upon  the  conditions,  as  Iheie  was  but  nine  of  them  in  the  Fort, 
the  three  others  the  remainder  of  the  (Jarrison  havinf^  been  taken  two 

days  before  as  they  were  afterwards  informed Lieut. 

Cayler  informs  the  Court  that  on  the  liOlh  of  .Iiine  at  about  10  in  the 
morninfr,  he  was  on  board  the  schooner  Huron  opposite  to  Presqu-isle 
on  iiis  return  from  Nia^ura  to  l)(!troit  which  place  he  i-  ngined  to  be 
attacked  as  he  saw  two  swivels  fired  one  after  another,  t  soon  after 
th(;  Schooner  came  too  in  tlie  IJay  they  saw  t-n  (.'auons  &  i  ired  a  smart 
firing  upon  the  Fort,  which  continued  till  the  2l8t  when  he  saw  the 
officers  house  that  stood  near  the  Blockhouse  on  fire  which  burn'd  to  the 
ground  without  doing  any  further  damage.  The  firing  commenced 
again  and  continued  till  the  22d  between  twelve  and  one  when  he  saw 
the  Blockhouse  on  fire.  That  he  was  not  able  to  give  them  any  assist- 
ance having  notliing  but  i).  small  Boat  to  land  men  in  which  would  not 
carry  above  ten  at  a  time,  and  being  two  miles  from  the  shore.  Since 
which  the  officer  and  Prisoners  were  brought  to  the  Indian  Camp  at  this 
Place. 

Jos.  HorKiNS. 


mi 


688 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


EXraACT  OF  A  COUHT  OF  ENQUIKY  HELD  BY  ORUEH  OK  MAJOR  ULADWIN  TO  ENQUIRH 
INTO  THE  MANNER  OF  THE  TAKING  OF  PREHQU-ibLE,  BETROIT.  JULY  10,  1763. 

Cap.  Hopkins,  rresidciit. 

Lieut.  Geo.  McDougall  En-sisn  Jos.  I.  St'hlosser  of  (lOtli  Kej^iment  Mem- 
bers. 

Eusif^ii  Juliii  ("hrislie  who  coniinaudcd  at  I'resqu'isle  inforins  the 
Court  that  on  Ihc  12(1  -luiu'  at  daybrealv  in  llic  morning  he  found  that  Fort 
surrounded  bv  about  200  Indians  part  of  four  nations;  at  a  quarter  of  an 
liour  after  tlicy  bej^an  tiriuj?  upon  tlie  Hloclvhouse  and  continued  all 
that  day  pretty  smart;  they  likewise  shot  lire-arrows  into  the  roof  of  the 
Blockhouse  by  the  enemy  which  set  it  several  times  on  fire.  The  Block- 
house was  situated  on  a  risinji  }j;round,  &  could  be  api)roached  at  a  little 
distance  by  two  Hills,  one  ascendinj;  from  the  Lake  Eastward,  the  other 
ascending  from  the  bottom  or  Creek  Northward  from  these  two  places 
the  Indians  kept  their  fire,  having  made  holes  in  the  earth  at  night  to 
secure  themselves,  notwithstanding  which,  two  or  three  of  them  endeav- 
oring to  get  into  the  trench  were  killed,  which  made  them  abate  their 
fire  for  some  hours,  at  wliich  time  they  were  employed  digging  a  passage 
through  the  Earth  to  get  at  the  body  of  the  House:  The  21st  they  com- 
menced firing  as  hot  as  ever  with  fuses  and  arrows,  which  set  the  house 
again  in  flames  in  several  places;  the  same  Day  the  Barrels  of  Water  he 
had  provided  for  such  emergencies  was  spent  in  extinguishing  the  afore- 
said fires,  and  finding  it  impossible  to  get  at  the  Well  that  was  sunk  in 
the  parade,  was  therefor  obliged  to  sink  one  in  tlie  House  by  very  hard 
labour,  while  he  was  digging  the  well  the  House  was  set  again  on  fire, 
but  got  it  extinguished  by  driving  down  the  shingles  from  the  roof:  At 
same  time  they  had  approached  througli  the  Earth  as  far  as  the  Com- 
manding Officer's  room  on  the  Parade,  they  set  it  on  fire  and  communi- 
cated it  to  the  Fasines  around  the  Fort;  he  continued  firing  'till  mid- 
night, when  one  of  them  who  s/oke  French  called  up  to  him  that  it  was 
in  vain  for  him  to  pretend  to  hold  out,  tor  they  could  set  fire  to  the  Block- 
house when  they  pleased,  &  if  ho  would  not  surrender  they  would  burn 
and  torture  every  man  that  he  had;  he  finding  that  they  had  made  the 
approaches  aforesaid,  that  they  could  set  the  house  on  fire  above  and 
below,  tlie  men  being  fatigued  to  the  greatest  extremity,  &  not  able  to 
extinguish  such  a  fire  and  resist  the  enemy's  numbers;  he  asked  them  in 
Englisli  if  there  was  any  man  amongst  them  that  understood  that  lan- 
guage, they  said  there  was  an  Englishman  now  fighting  against  him  who 
had  been  their  Prisoner  seven  years.  They  then  desired  him  to  leave  off 
firing  &  he  should  speak  with  him,  accordingly  they  told  him  that  they 
were  of  tlie  Huron  Nation  at  Detroit  that  had  been  compelled  to  take  up 
arms  against  Detroit  by  the  Outawas,  that  there  was  part  of  the  other 
nations  there  with  them,  that  they  only  wanted  the  house  &  that  they 


i 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 


689 


would  have.  Tlioy  told  him  he  niight  have  liberty  to  ^o  with  his  Gar- 
rison where  he  pleased.  He  tlien  desired  them  to  leave  oft"  their  firing 
and  he  would  fjive  them  an  answer  in  the  morninp,  early:  That  seeing 
the  vessel  durinp,'  the  attack  hovcrinjj  a1>'>iit  unable  to  assist  him  &  con- 
sidering the  situation  he  was  in,  &  tl.e  impossibility  of  holding  out  any 
longer,  He  sent  out  two  soMiers  as  if  to  treat  witl:  them  that  they  might 
find  out  their  disposition  &how  they  liad  made  their  approaches,  who  were 
to  give  him  a  signal  if  they  found  what  he  imagined  to  be  true,  that  find- 
ing what  he  imagined  to  be  so  he  then  marched  out  with  the  Garrison  in 
order  to  save  them  having  their  i)romise  of  libei-ty  to  go  to  Fort  IMtt,  or 
where  they  pleased,  but  were  no  sooner  out  tlian  seised,  bound  &  he  with 
four  soldiers  and  a  woman  carried  to  the  Huron  Village,  where  they  were 
kept  Prisoners  uniill  the  ".)th  instant  that  he,  the  woman  and  one  soldier 
were  delivered  up.  That  Shelbarger  the  said  Soldier  of  Gapt.  Hopkins 
Company  of  the  Queen's  Kaugei-s  being  examined  by  the  Court  declares 

the  same  in  every  particular. 

Jos.  Hopkins. 

FXTRAUT  OF  A  LETTER  FROM  CAPT.  GEORGE  ETHEUINGTON  TO  MAJOR  HENRY  GLADWIN 
COMMANmNH  AT  DETROIT,  DATED  MICHILAMAOKlNii;  13  JDLY,  1763. 

Dear  Sir:  The  Express  which  I  sent  off  to  l.ieut.  Gorrell  at  Labay 
arrived  very  luckily  one  day  befoi-e  Tliat  I'ost  was  to  have  been  cutt  off. 
The  Savages  of  that  Post  came  down  the  Indian  AMUage  where  I  was 
Prisoner.  &  brought  with  them  Lieut.  Gorrell  and  all  his  (Jarrison,  and 
they  with  Mr.  Ivcsley,  me  and  fourteen  men  that  remained  of  the  Garri- 
son of  this  Place,  are  just  embarking  for  Montreal  under  a  guard  of  sixty 
savages  of  the  Outawa  Nation. 

I  have  a  thousand  things  to  tell  you  but  I  cannot  trust  them  bythis  con- 
veyance, I  have  heard  nothing  of  the  four  men  that  I  sent  last  May  to  St. 
Josephs,'  there  is  two  of  my  men  yet  with  the  Chippewas.  1  have  pre- 
vailed with  the  savages  to  permit  all  the  English  merchants  to  carry  all 
the  goods  to  Montreal  under  the  convoy,  I  have  been  at  a  very  great 
expense  here  but  it  was  all  unavoidable.  I  don't  despair  of  seeing  you 
this  Fall  at  Detroit  &  am.  in  the  meantime  Dear  Sir,  Yours  Sincerelj, 

George  Etherinoton. 

PROCEEDINaS  OF  A  COURT  OF  ENQUIRY   HELD  BY    ORDER  OK    MAJOR   HENRY  GLID 
WIN.  COMMANDING  AT  DETROIT,  9Tn  AU(nTdT,  176a. 

Captain  Hopkins,  President. 

Lieut.  AVilliams,  17th  Regt,  Ensigns  Anderson,  5551  h  Kegt,  Members. 

Mr.  Rutherford  being  sworn  informs  the  (\)urt,  that  the  Night  before 
Capt.  Campble  was  put  to  Death,  He  was  sleeping  at  Monsieur  St. 
Pemauds  house  (who  was  always  very  civil  to  him)  &  in  the  middle  of  the 
night  he  was  awakened  by  Francois  Maloshe  &  two  others  whose  names 


I 

I, 


■   ^ 


640 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


he  knowa  not.  Tliey  took  him  in  a  Closet  in  said  House  produced  hiui 
several  letters  which  had  been  sent  from  the  Fort  to  Cap.  Campblo  & 
obliged  him  to  read  tiiem  in  order  (as  they  said)  to  know  whether  Peace 
was  made  with  France  or  not;  amonji  the  abov<'  mentioned  letters  this 
Deponant  found  one  from  l.ieut.  McDonald  which  mentioned  that  Peace 
was  declared  in  the  P'ort  and  read  said  letter  to  them;  upon  which 
they  scornfully  said  that  j)eace  was  declared  in  the  Fort;  Itut  they 
believed  no  where  else.  Several  of  the  above  mentioned  letters  were 
sealed  when  they  were  delivered  to  tliis  Deponant  and  others  oi)en,  which 
M(-loshe  said  were  {jiven  to  him  by  Caj).  Campble  to  be  taken  care  of. 
ri)on  the  Death  of  Camjjble  (the  day  foUowiufi)  this  Deponant  was  sent 
for  to  explain  (in  full  Council  of  Frencli  and  Indians)  the  aforesaid  let- 
ters. He  remembers  the  following  persons  that  were  in  the  Council,  viz., 
IJatist  Campeau,  Francois  Mdoshe,  IJatist  Meloshe,  Sancho  P.  Obain, 
Louisau  Benter  Indian  Interpreter,  Monsieurs  Domelte,  Pero  Parth, 
likewise  many  others  he  does  not  know;  Those  above  mentioned  were 
very  eaper  to  fin^l  out  anytliinj?  to  tell  the  Indians  that  they  mijjrht  not 
believe  that  Peace  was  made  with  France.  This  Deponant  further  saith 
that  IV'ro  Parth  told  him  that  he  did  not  believe  that  there  was  Peace; 
Put  that  Major  Gladwin  had  made  the  Declaration  himself  to  pacify  the 
Indians.  Francis  Jleloshe  in  the  above  mentioned  ('ouncill,  upon  read- 
ing the  news  of  Dr.  Cuyless  being  attacked,  said  aloud  let  no  man  speak 
of  them,  they  are  Dogs.  Monsieur  Denter  has  often  told  this  Deponant  • 
that  he  would  make  his  escape  to  the  Indians,  for  fear  the  Major  would 
hang  him.  Pero  Parth  has  told  him  the  same.  It  was  generally  said 
among  them  that  if  any  of  the  French  were  hanged,  it  would  be  those 
that  brought  Cai)t.  Cam]»ble  out  of  tiie  Fort.  This  Deponant  was  used 
very  illy  by  Monsr.  La  Tiard  (at  whose  house  this  Deponant's  Indian 
master  had  planted  corn  it  his  Cabbin  always  there  &  was  treated  very 
well  by  P.  La  Tiard)  After  Lieut.  McDougall  had  n)ade  his  escape,  Mr. 
Coulliere  told  this  Deponant,  that  it  was  a  pity  he  was  saved,  as  the 
French  would  likely  suffer  thereby.  Farther  this  Dejmuant  saith  not. 
Detroit  fi  Aug.  17G;}. 

Ensign  Poulett  says  the  night  before  Capt.  Campble  was  killed  lie  was 
sleeping  in  the  same  room  with  Mr.  Rutherford  when  Francis  Maloshe 
awakened  him  and  took  Putherford  into  another  Room  where  he  heard 
for  sometime  whispering  and  rustling  of  pajx-rs.  In  the  morning  he 
wanted  to  know  what  the  French  had  told  him;  Put  Rutherford  told  him 
they  had  absolutely  forbid  him  to  mention  it  to  him;  Put  on  his  promis- 
ing secrecy  he  told  him  the  same  as  he  has  ujmn  oath  declared  to  the 
Court. 

Lieut.  McDougall  being  sworn  informs  the  Court  that  tlie  Day  he  and 
Capt.  Campble  left  the  Fort  to  treat  with  the  Indians  for  a  Peace,  they 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


641 


met  with  tlu-ni  at  Monsieur  Cut'lU'ries  Houso  where  they  saw  the  Indiana 
and  French  assenibU'd  in  the  largest  room.  Monsieur  Cuilliere  seated 
in  tlie  middle  with  a  laced  hat  and  coat  on,  in  which  manner  this  Depo- 
nant  had  never  seen  him  before,  he  kept  his  seat  &  his  hat  on  when  Capt. 
Campbk'  entered  &  continued  covered  <lnrin};  the  Conpress:  Tlie  Indians 
had  just  tinislied  eatin},'  some  bread  wliidi  said  Cullierie  had  {jiven  them 
iiiul  on  liis  jjivinfj  tliem  bread  a  second  time,  lie  ajijain  took  part  of  one  of 
the  I'ieces  and  ear  himself,  the  Indians  Demanded  the  reason,  to  which 
he  answered  that  it  was  to  assure  tlx'm,  he  };ave  them  nothing  that  was 
poiscmed:  This  Capt.  Cami»ble  and  another  person  (who  he  does  not 
remember)  interi>reted  to  this  Deponant.  After  some  time  Pondiac  the 
Chief  of  the  Indians  addressed  himself  to  the  beforenientioned  Cuillierie 
tidlinp  him  that  he  looked  u])on  him  as  his  Father  come  to  life  &  as  the 
Commandant  of  Detroit  untili  tiie  arrival  of  his  Brother  Monsieur 
Billeta;  at  which  s]»eech  1  he  said  Cuilliere  seemed  much  p'eased;  Then 
Pondiac  tiirniu},'  addressed  himself  to  Cap.  Campble  &  thi  Deponant  & 
told  them  that  if  they  made  a  Peace  it  must  be  on  the  same  terms  that 
his  Father  Monsieur  liilleta  had  made,  viz.,  to  lay  down  their  Arms  and 
be  escorted  by  a  number  of  Savaj^es,  that  he  would  appoint  for  tliat  pur- 
l)ose  to  the  first  Inhabitants;  but  he  would  not  allow  them  to  take  either 
arms  or  bappaKo  alonjr;  On  which  the  aforesaid  Cuilliere  turned  to  this 
Deponant,  took  him  by  the  hand  and  said  my  Friend  this  is  my  work 
(meaninp  the  offered  Terms).  I  thought  Ihey  would  have  been  much 
harder.  Some  Days  after  this  Deponant  and  Capt.  Campble  were  talk- 
in}?  to  said  Cuillierie.  &  heard  him  say  to  Cajit.  Campble  that  he  was  only 
sorry  for  him  and  Mr.  Sterlinp;.  the  Day  the  Indians  met  in  Council  to 
assassinate  the  (larrison.  Some  time  after  when  the  Vessel  went  first 
from  Detroit  for  Niapira  Pondiac  detached  five  canoes  with  Indians  to 
attack  her  in  one  of  which  a  Potawatamie  was  killi'd,  on  which  the  others 
run  off.  The  Day  after  Monsieur  Cuillerie  was  in  the  Room  with  Cap. 
Campball  this  Deponant,  Pondiac  and  his  Chiefs.  And  on  Pondiac's 
acquainting  said  Cuillerie  what  he  had  done  &  what  had  happened,  Cuil- 
lerie answered  in  a  deriding  nuinner;  what  was  the  use  of  five  canoes, 
why  not  thirty-five  canoes.  This  Capt.  Cami»ble  interpreted  to  this 
Dei)onant.  This  Deponant  further  sailh  that  the  Son  of  Cuillerie  was 
employed  carrying  messages  to  and  from  Pondiac,  giving  information 
against  the  few  French  who  assistaed  the  Fort  with  provisions,  and  pre- 
judicing them  against  listening  to  the  account  of  Peace.  This  Deponant 
says  further  that  Young  Cuillerie  was  one  of  the  Party  who  when  Pon- 
diac in  Council  proposed  to  the  French  to  take  up  arms  against  the  Fort, 
that  accepted  the  lielt  and  answered  he  eat  the  same  l)read  &  drank  out 
of  the  same  cup.  &  w<uild  lire  out  of  the  same  gun.  This  Deponant  says 
before  and  after  the  orders  which  Major  Cladwin  gave  forbidding  all 
81 


f» 


«ff: 


G42 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


kind  of  coraiminication  wilh  the  Ravajjes,  Francis  Mclosho  continued  a 
constant  and  opon  Irado  with  tlio  Savages  soiling  tlioni  daily  broad  and 
drv  goods;  but  was  kind  to  him  during  his  captivity.  Further  this 
Doponant  saitli  not. 

Mr.  Chapman  Abraham  being  sworn  inf«)rm8  the  Court,  that  in  coming 
up  Detroit  River,  having  ]>ut  on  shore  at  the  j»lace  of  Monsieur  St.  Lewis, 
he  acquainted  this  I)e[)ouant  that  the  Fort  was  besieged  by  the  Indians 
&  Capt.  Itobortson,  Sir  Robert  Daviss  and  a  great  many  more  English 
were  killed,  &  that  they  intended  to  kill  all  the  English  that  would  come 
up  Detroit  River.  Tiiis  Doponant  immediately  told  iiis  men  to  go  bad? 
wi(h  him;  but  the  before  mentioned  soldiers  told  his  men  if  they  returned 
that  would  be  all  killed,  as  the  Indians  wore  round  the  whole  Lake  and 
at  Niagara,  upon  which  they  absolul  'y  refused  to  return  with  him.  In 
consequence  of  which  this  Dejumant  put  all  his  goods  in  said  St.  Lewis's 
hout^e,  who  told  him  ho  could  do  his  best  to  siive  them  from  the  Indians; 
Then  this  Doponant  asked  him  whore  ho  should  go  to  hide  himself  to  save 
his  life.  Re  and  Madam  Esporame  (who  was  present)  answered  him  lie 
should  go  to  her  liome  &  hide  hims<'lf  in  her  cellar;  whore  he  continued 
about  ton  minutes  and  then  was  told  by  said  Madam  Esporame  to  go  out 
of  the  house;  which  he  obeyed  and  in  going  out  she  perceived  his  watch 
chain  &  told  him  1o  give  it  to  her  that  she  was  certain  the  Indians 
would  kill  him;  upon  Avhicli  this  Dejmnant  told  her  ho  would  m.iko  her  a 
presen'i  of  it,  if  she  wo\ild  lot  him  stay  in  the  cellar  to  save  him  from  the 
Indians.  She  answered  he  should  stay  no  longer  in  the  House;  upon 
which  he  endeavored  to  gain  the  woods;  she  followed  him,  demanding 
the  watch  a  second  time,  which  I  again  refused.  By  this  time  the 
Indians  discovered  him,  took  him  prisoner  and  carried  him  to  St.  Lewis's 
house,  where  he  found  some  of  his  goods  were  put  in  his  canoe.  This 
Doponant  says  further  that  one  l*ero  Barth  told  him  that  Major  Gladwin 
was  the  occasion  of  this  Indian  War;  That  if  Capt.  Campble  had  com- 
manded this  woiild  not  have  happened;  That  the  aforesaid  Major  would 
not  give  the  Indians  presents  nor  suffer  their  guns  to  bo  mouded  as  Capt. 
Campble  did;  This  Doponant  replied  that  perhaps  it  was  the  General's 
orders  not  to  do  so,  upon  which  he  immediately  said  that  the  General  did 
not  order  the  Major  to  call  them  Dogs,  Hogs  &  bid  them  go  out  of  his 
house.  This  Doponant  one  Day  saw  Batist  Devuiere  and  a  great  many 
other  Frenchmen  going  to  a  Council  with  the  Indians,  he  asked  some  of 
them  Avhat  was  the  matter  they  would  not  tell  him  anything.  This 
Deponant  has  daily  seen  some  of  the  Frenchmen  trading  with  the 
Indians  giving  them  bread,  tobacco  and  fish  for  English  Merchants 
Goods  that  were  taken  from  the  Prisoners.  That  Viero  &  Hyacinth 
Reaumo  have  traded  with  the  Indians  for  his  effects  some  of  which  he 
has  seen  worn  by  said  Hyacinth's  Daughters  since  his  arrival  in  the  Fort. 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


643 


That  IMero  LaJiiile  told  him  ho  bouplit  of  hia  clTccts.  That  Madam  La 
.loniU'SH  bcinj,'  indebted  to  Moiisii'ur  Labadic  &  knowing  liim  to  owe  this 
Doponant  upward  of  twelve  hundred  Ion  is,  asked  him  if  he  had  occasion 
for  a  (luarter  of  veal  &  she  would  send  it  to  him  &  discount  it,  which 
was  proposed  to  said  Labadie,  who  absolutely  refused  it.  This  Depo- 
nant  says  further  that  liatist  Devuiriere  had  bouj^ht  of  ids  ellects. 

Monsieur  La  liule  Indian  Interpreter  for  the  Tatawavamies  &  Outawas 
beint;-  sworn,  informs  the  Court  that  the  Day  (Jap.  Campblo  and  Lieut. 
McDougall  met  the  Indians  at  Cuilleries  house,  that  he  was  habited  as 
Lieut.  McDougall  has  informed  the  Court  &  that  he  kept  his  hat  on  dur- 
ing the  Council,  and  that  the  purport  of  Tondiac's  first  speech  was  to 
inform  the  French  and  Indians  that  he  turned  out  the  Commandant 
(meaning  Major  Clad  win)  and  desired  them  to  look  upon  and  regard  Mon- 
sieur Cuillierie  -j  their  Father  and  Comnumder,  after  whidi  the  said 
Cuillierie  regaled  Pondiac  and  the  other  Savages  with  three  or  four 
Fhtggons  of  wine  and  pieces  of  bread.  This  Deponant  further  affirms 
what  Lieut.  McDougall  has  informed  the  Court  of  in  regard  to  not  poison- 
ing the  bread;  The  Day  following  the  said  Cuillierie  inquired  how  Capt. 
Campble  and  Lt.  McDougall  did,  they  answered  very  well;  But  his  Depo- 
nant answered  very  ill,  for  that  the  Indians  had  strii>ped  tbem  of  every- 
thing &  during  the  whole  night,  is  that  all,  says  Cuillierie,  they  are  well 
off.  I  thought  the  Sa\ages  would  have  done  much  more.  This  Depo- 
nant further  says  that  an  Outrva  savage  told  him,  that  the  aforesaid 
Cuillierie,  spoke  to  I'ondiac,  the  Indian  Chief,  in  this  manner,  have  you 
sent  three  or  four  canoes  to  attack  the  Vessel,  it  would  have  been  better 
to  have  sent  forty.  He  also  says  that  t'.ie  son  of  the  above  Cuillierie  was 
continually  employed  in  giving  and  carrying  intelligence  to  and  from 
I'ondiac,  &  that  he  (this  Deponant)  in  Council,  when  Pondiac  was  alleg- 
ing things  against  the  said  it  was  not  true,  on  which  Pontiao 
without  hesitation  answered  then  he  is  pointing  to  Cuillierie's  son,  who 
answered,  yes  I  did  tell  it  This  Deponant  adds  that  the  Day  Pondiac 
had  assembled  the  old  and  young  men  of  the  settlement  together,  he 
demanded  of  them  to  assist  in  digging  trenches  against  the  Fort,  Cuil- 
lieries  son  with  the  other  young  men  desired  the  old  men  to  answer  first 
and  they  would  afterwards.  The  answer  was  delivered  by  Monsieur 
Maj-erin  SpoKi'sman  for  the  young  men,  to  this  effect,  we  will  not  only 
take  Spades  but  it  is  also  our  desire  to  take  up  Arms. 


M 


i  J 

J! 


»t 


]' 


644 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


COPY  OF  AN   EMBASSY  SENT  TO  THE  ILLINOIS  BY  THE  INDIANS  .AT  DETROIT,  BY  THB 

COURIEU  (lODFUfci   4  CHKNK. 

Speech  of  the  Outawnt,  nccompawd  with  n  large  Belt. 

LiHtt'ii  ye  Frciicli  our  lin-llicrcn  who  aro  I'l'isouors  as  well  as  wo.  It  is 
vexing  that  the  English  wIjoiu  we  were  willing  to  adopt  as  Bretheren, 
should  deceive  so  many  nations.  All  that  tlie  Delawares  and  Shawany's 
told  us  is  now  come  to  pass.  They  told  us  to  be  diffident  to  the  English, 
they  only  seek  to  deceive  you  &  so  it  happeneth.  Without  the  assistance 
of  the  French  Merchants  who  give  us  on  trust  some  trifles  we  had 
received  to  buy  what  we  stood  in  need  of  in  the  Fall  we  were  undone 
since  our  Father,  Mr.  Billetre  went  away;  we  have  no  news,  none  but  the 
English  receive  letters.  Is  it  possible  that  our  Father  writeth  not?  No 
Fienchman  receiveth  letters.  This  is  to  let  our  Father  at  the  Illinois 
know  our  situation  and  request  of  him  to  inform  us  what  is  going  on, 
that  we  may  know  if  we  are  abandoned.  The  English  tell  us  incessantly 
Wliat  ye  Indians  dare  ye  speak,  see  what  we  have  done;  We  have  your 
Father  and  the  Spaniards;  We  are  masters  of  these  lands  and  of  all 
which  belonged  to  your  Father,  for  we  have  beat  him  &  we  possess  all 
these  countrys  even  to  the  Illinois  except  a  small  spot  which  is  but 
trifling.  The  Delawares  told  us  this  Spring,  that  the  English  sought  to 
become  Masters  of  aM,  and  would  put  us  to  Death,  they  told  us  also  "Our 
Bretheren  let  us  Die  together,  seeing  the  Design  of  the  English  is  to  cutt 
us  off,  we  are  Dead  one  way  or  another.  When  we  saw  this,  we  decided 
all  the  Nations  wlio  ar<'  thy  Children,  to  range  themselves  here  at  Detroit 
which  they  have  done.  We  i)ray  our  Father  at  the  Illinois  to  hasten  to 
come  to  our  succour,  that  he  may  have  pity  on  us,  notwithstanding  that 
the  English  tell  us  constantly  "From  whom  will  ye  get  what  ye  stand  in 
need  of?  \Vhen  our  Father,  ]\Ir.  Belletre  was  going  off  from  hence  he 
told  us  "My  Children  the  English  to  Day  overthrow  Your  Father;  as 
long  as  they  have  the  upper  hpnd  ye  will  not  have  what  ye  stand  in  need 
of;  but  this  will  not  last."  ^Ve  pray  our  Father  at  the  Illinois  to  take 
pity  on  us  and  say  "These  poor  Children  who  are  willing  to  raise  me  up. 
Why  do  we  that  which  we  are  doing  to  day?  It  is  because  we  are  unwill- 
ing that  the  English  should  possess  these  lands,  this  is  what  causeth  thy 
Children  to  rise  and  strike  everywhere. 

We  pray  thee,  our  Father,  send  us  an  answer  speedily,  by  these  Cour- 
iers, tell  us  thy  thought  &  thy  will;  We  will  put  in  thy  hands  him  who 
chased  thee  from  hence;  there  will  be  no  hurt  done  unto  him,  we  will  say 
unto  thee  behold  here  he  is.  We  beg  of  thee,  also,  our  Father  to  treat 
kindly  our  Couriers.  We  are  the  cause  of  the  fatigue  which  they  are 
going  to  undergo. 


4 


""iXviS:      ,* 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


ri45 


Speech  of  the  Chippewaa,  accompanied  with  a  small  Belt. 
Wt'  approve  of  the  Outawap  Speech  &  have  not  forgotten  our  Father. 
We  call  to  mind  what  our  Ancestors  told  ns.  That  if  our  Father  was 
overthrown  our  lands  would  be  taken  from  us.  We  know  the  intention 
of  these  people  that  crawl  over  our  lands;  this  is  what  engages  us  to  do 
what  we  do.  We  still  keep  hold  of  our  Fathers  hands,  and  do  what  lyeth 
in  our  power  to  draw  it  unto  us,  if  we  possess  it  we  shall  never  let  it  go. 


COPV  OP'  A  LETTER  SENT  BY  THE  INHABITANTS  OF  DETKOIT.  DIBECTED  TO  THE 
GENTLEMEN  COMMANDANTS  AT  THE  ILLINOIS. 

Gentlemen:  We  are  obliged  to  submit  to  wliat  the  Indians  exact  from 
us;  The  English  are  blocked  up,  and  all  the  passages  are  shut  up;  We 
cannot  express  to  you  the  our  perplexity.  It  would  be  necessary,  in 
order  to  judge  of  the  calamaties  which  threaten  us  and  which  appear  to 
us  inevitable,  that  you  saw  with  your  own  eyes  what  is  going  on  here. 
God  alone  can  prevent  our  becoming  the  victims  of  the  English  and 
Savages.  These  Couriers  bear  to  you  the  talks  of  the  Nations  here;  We 
look  upon  it  as  .a  happiness  to  have  it  in  our  power  to  acquaint  you  of 
our  deplorable  situation.  We  certainly  never  have  contributed  thereto 
by  our  conduct;  The  English  on  their  part  never  gave  us  occasion. 
Instruct  us  what  we  can  do;  We  look  upon  you  as  Protectors  and  Media- 
tors who  would  be  willing  to  employ  tliemselves  efficaciously  to  pacify 
two  contending  partys  who  threaten  us  with  an  unexemplary  Desolation. 


i 


A  COURT  OF  INQUIRY  HELD  BY  OBDEB  OF  MAJOR  HENRY  GLADWIN,  COMMANDANT  OF 

DETROIT,  8  SEPTEMBEB,  1763. 

Capt.  James  Grant,  60th  Regt,  President. 

Lieut.  James  Bain,  Queens  Independence,  Ensign  Robert  Anderson, 
55th  Regt  Members. 

Andreas Trueax  an  Inhabitant  of  Schenectady  being  examined; declares 
that  sometime  after  he  hpd  been  taken  Prisoner  by  the  Indians  and  car- 
ried to  their  Camp,  he  met  with  a  Frenchman  at  the  house  of  one  Rofci- 
nate,  to  whom  he  told  in  course  of  conversation,  &  in  the  Indian  tongue 
that  he  was  glad  to  hear  of  the  Indians  that  they  said  it  was  peace,  & 
that  he  Trueax  had  told  them  it  was  so,  upon  which  the  Frenchman 
answered  in  a  very  angry  tone  that  it  was  not  so,  that  there  was  war  at 
the  Illinois,  at  Quebec  and  everywhere,  pointing  with  his  arm  stretched 
to  all  parts, and  that  there  was  also  aFrench  fleet  at  Quebec;  The  French- 
man's name  he  does  not  know,  but  he  is  a  short  thick  squatt  fellow,  a  sil- 


Il 


MS 


THE  OLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


vi'iHinilh  (lie  himsi'lf  Haiti)  by  tnulc  That  aflcrwanls  lie  Trucax  had 
heard  that  about  the  be^'inniiiK  of  llie  troubles  at  Detroit,  this  Freneh- 
inan  had  deserted  tlie  Fort  where  he  formerly  lived  an<l  is  eertain  he 
never  retiinied  thitlwi-  wliilst  lie  was  a  |»ris<»ner.  Mr.  Tnieax  fiirtlier 
says  tliat  iu'  liad  told  tlu'  alxtve  Mr.  Fisher,  bis  fellow  laisonei',  who  be 
believes  knows  the  Frenehnuui's  name. 

Mr.  Fisher  who  was  a  Prisoner  with  the  Indians  aeknowledfjes  to  have 
the  above  Declaration  told  bim  by  Mr.  Trueax,  iK:  says  the  Frenehnian's 
name  is  Hart  and  was  a  silver  and  pun  smith  in  tlie  Fort.  The  above  Mr. 
Fisher  declares  that  a  day  or  two  after  he  had  been  brought  to  the  Indian 
Camp,  he  saw  the  above  mentioned  Dart  the  Frenchmai'  .a  the  Indian 
Cabbin  he  was  brought  to  &  on  his  telling  the  Englisii  liat  it  was  cer- 
tainly IVace  between  the  English  and  the  French,  this  same  Bart  made 
answer,  directing  bis  discourse  in  answering  contemptuous  tone  to  the 
Indians  saying  it  was  a  Lye,  that  it  would  not  be  Peace,  why  should  it  be 
sooner  in  Albany  than  at  the  Mississippi,  that  he  Mr.  Fisher  told  it  was 
certainly  Peace,  and  related  to  him  as  far  of  the  Articles  of  Peace  as  he 
could  then  recollect;  but  Dart  still  insisted  that  it  could  not  be,  and  that 
everything  he  Mr.  Fisher  had  said  to  convince  the  Indians  was  false. 
The  Indians  then  asked  of  Dart  whether  he  had  left  the  Fort  or  not,  to 
which  he  answered  laughing,  left  the  Fort,  1  have  left  it  long  ago.  Mr. 
Fisher  further  declares  that  sometime  after,  the  sloop  was  seen  under 
sail  up  the  lliver,  that  he  saw  the  same  Dart  upon  the  top  of  a  house,  who 
upon  his  observing  the  sloop  steering  towards  the  Indian  Camp  he 
beared  him  call  to  the  Indians,  down  with  your  Hutis,  down  with  your 
Hutts  send  off  your  squaws  and  children  to  the  woods.  Mr.  Fisher  also 
declares  that  the  morning  Capt.  Dalyell  had  gone  with  his  party,  the 
squaws  in  his  hutt  told  him,  that  Bart  was  through  their  Camp  with  his 
gun  &  that  he  beared  him  calling  out,  go  to  the  woods,  knowing  his  voice 
perfectly  well.  Mr.  Fisher  saj's  further  the  same  day  he  went  with  his 
Indian  Father  up  to  Gross  Point,  who  invited  him  in  to  do  his  Commands 
and  get  some  victuals,  that  they  went  to  the  house  of  a  Frenchman  whose 
name  he  does  not  know,  but  that  he  is  a  little  squatt  man  with  black 
curled  hair  &  squints  a  little,  with  whom  the  Indian  had  some  talk  he 
could  not  well  hear  as  they  spoke  low,  but  on  their  coming  away  he  h\  red 
the  Frenchman  above  described  say  to  the  Indian,  taking  him  at  the 
same  time  by  the  hand.  Brother  do  your  best  againts  the  Foit,  which  he 
earnestly  repeated,  to  which  the  Indian  replyed  in  their  manner,  yes.  Mr. 
Fisher  further  says  that  when  the  Indians  were  making  a  Raft  to  sett 
the  Vessels  on  lire,  he  told  them  that  it  was  to  no  purpose  that  the  Eng- 
lish would  bawl  them  off  before  they  reached  the  vessel,  that  then  a  well 
dressed  pleasant  looking  Frenchman  &  tall  came  up  to  him  and  said  in 
presence  of  the  Indians  in  their  own  language,  that  if  there  was  ten  well 


:::rcra« 


THE  OLAb>v^TN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


647 


tied  toRolluT,  with  ropoB,  tho.v  would  do,  jjet  across  tlie  vessel  and  cer- 
tainly set  her  on  fire,  and  at  the  same  lime  directing  the  Indians,  showing 
tlieni  liow  the  Oatawas  mado  tlieir  rafts;  whieh  were  then  finished  a 
IMUc  lower  down;  and  waKiu},'  for  the  Chippewas.  sendinp  down  theirs. 
This  Frenchman  Mr.  Fisher  sa.vs  lives  on  the  other  side  of  the  Creek  in 
which  the  Oulawas  made  their  ir.fts.  and  is  said  by  Isaac  Trueax  and 
Gerrit  Teller  to  be  one  Miloss.  Mr.  Fisher  further  f.ays  that  soon  after 
the  attack  of  ('apt.  Dalyell  he  was  witii  his  Indian  Fatlier  at  the  House 
of  one  Cardinal,  the  son  of  the  old  Cardinal,  &  heared  him  tell  his  Father 
and  many  other  Indians  with  a  tone  full  of  ectasy  &  joy  that  the  English 
had  in  that  afl'air  many  killed  ai'd  wounded,  that  they  were  lying  here 
V  here  Dead  in  the  Fields  and  that  •  Woman  who  had  been  in  the 
t'ort,  of  whom  the  Iklajor  had  asked  news  regarding  that  affair,  told  hira; 
she  said  there  was  but  few  Indians,  that  the  Cardinal  said  to  tlie  Indians, 
that  was  true,  for  had  you  been  all  th<'re  few  of  them  would  escape,  tell- 
ing them  at  the  same  time  that  tlie  Major  had  said  that  he  would  wliip 
them  all  like  beasts  out  of  the  ground  with  a  liorse  whip.  At  which 
expression  the  Indians  laughed  very  much,  as  if  disdaining  all  threats. 

Mr.  Fisher  further  says  that  he  was  one  day  with  his  Indian  father  )n 
a  Frenchman's  house,  where  tliere  had  been  several  Indians  and  one 
Gabriel  a  Frencliman,  who  lives  where  the  Outawas  encamped  the  time 
Capt.  Dalyell  nuide  his  attack,  that  he  hi'ard  the  said  Gabriel  &  the 
Indians  talk  about  having  sent  to  the  Fort  for  pii)es,  &  the  Indians  tell- 
ing him  G.abriel  that  the  Commanding  ofilcer  luid  sent  them  word  he 
knew  not  of  their  pipes,  nor  had  he  any,  upon  wl  icii  this  Gabriel  got  up 
and  gave  the  Indian  hoop  or  holloe,  saying  he  Wiis  a  man,  &  that  he  never 
threw  away  or  lo.-/t  a  pipe,  tiie  Indians  th(m  answering  the  hoop,  he 
Gabriel  went  out. 

Andreas  Trueax  and  Mr.  Fisher  both  say  that  tlie  same  Gabriel  had 
told  them,  that  when  the  French  and  Indians  had  spoke  at  any  time  to 
the  Major,  he  called  them  Hogs  and  other  names,  telling  them  to  gett 
along  and  go  about  their  btisiness  &  would  not  hear  them.  Mr.  Fisher 
further  declares  tiiat  one  Tom,  a  servant  of  Mr.  Knaggs's,  who  was 
prisoner  at  the  same  time  told  him,  Mr.  Andreas  and  Mr.  Isaac  Trueax, 
that  one  evening  Mr.  John  Seeger,  a  partner  of  Mr.  Knaggs's  had  got 
Wabacumaga  the  Indian  Chief  of  the  Messisagar  Nation  with  him  at 
Toronto  and  that  Mr.  Seeger  who  is  now  Prisoner  told  him  at  that  time, 
Wabacumaga  told  him  Se<'ger  that  St.  Luke  LeCoru  had  sent  him  a 
large  belt  to  make  war  upon  the  English,  which  belt  he  kicked  from  him 
saying  he  would  have  nothing  to  do  with  it,  that  he  would  not  fight 
against  the  English,  for  they  were  Masters  of  all,  &  that  the  above  Chief 
had  told  Seeger  who  spoke  the  language  well  not  to  be  afraid,  that  he  or 
his  partner  should  not  be  hurt,  whilst  he  was  about  here.    They  do  not 


648 


THE  OLADWIN   MANUSCRlPTa. 


know  th«'  tinip  tlic  belt  wiih  wnl.  Itnl  Kiiii^j^H  ainl  Sccjjcr  were  iit  Toronto 
from  llw  Spriiifi  ITti'J.  Mr.  Finlicr  further  hm.vh  that  ono  NotnwiiM,  an 
Oiilinva  Indiiin  lind  told  liiiii  and  Itolli  lli(>  jibovc  Trncax'H,  tliat  there  had 
been  many  MellN  and  Hatchets  sent  them  these  two  vears  past,  but  that 
they  the  Outawas  would  not  accept  of  any  nntill  a  hu-jje  Hue  lU'lt  came 
this  last  winter  ov  Last  Spiiii);,  I  lie  Outawas  said  from  the  Six  Nations. 
Htit  Mr.  Fisher  and  botli  of  the  Trueax's  aie  of  o]iinion  that  the  larfie  tine 
belt  was  the  same  ollVred  to  the  Messesai^as  Chief  by  St.  Luke  LeCorn. 

Manning  Fisheh. 

Messrs.  Andreas  &  Isaac  Truea.xs  acknowledjies  to  liave  been  present 
when  Tom,  Mr.  Knapfi's  servant,  had  told  Mr.  Fisher  what  Mr.  See^,»'r 
told  him  in  lepard  to  the  IJelt  sen!  by  St.  Luke  Le(.'orn  as  al«o  at  the  Con- 
versations between  Mr.  Fisher  &  the  Outawa  Indian  and  contirm  the 
same,  and  that  this  Outawa  Indian  iiad  told  them  llu-  above  in  the  Six 
Nation  lan^ua^e  having;  coulidence  in  them,  saying;  he  had  not  fought 
himself,  and  when  the  War  was  <»ver  he  would  not  live  amoiifjst  his 
Nation,  but  w(»uld  }j(»  down  to  Albany. 

Isaac  Trueax  a  Schenectady  Inhabitant,  di'clares  that  some  time  after 
he  was  brou}>ht  to  the  Indian  Camj),  he  was  8tandin;r  upon  the  Koad  with 
soiue  other  IMisoners,  one  (leorjie  and  one  llolton.  Soldiers  in  the  Koyal 
Americans,  that  at  that  linu>  Itarl,  the  silversmith  and  Ciuusmith,  men- 
tioned in  Mr.  Andreas  Trueax's  and  Mr.  Fishers  Declarations,  came  to 
them  and  beinj;  in  middle  of  Indian  (.'amp,  spoke  to  them  very  loud  in  the 
Indian  Ton^rue  and  tidd  them  as  a  piece  of  news  that  there  were  some 
canoes  arrived  just  then  fr(»m  Montreal,  which  brought  letters  that  it 
was  no  IVnce,  and  that  there  was  lighting  everywhere  upon  Sea  and 
Land  just  as  before,  which  news  the  indians  must  have  beared,  as  there 
were  numbeis  about  there,  who  sliowed  all  the  marks  of  joy,  on  the 
occasion;  He  further  says  <ha(  son)e  time  after,  he  met  one  Lassell;  who 
t(»ld  him  he  was  c(»mefrom  Montreal  at  that  time,and  had  seen  the  traders 
murdered  at  (Srand  Hiviere.  Isaac  Trueax  further  declares  that  one 
Mitchell,  an  inhabitant  at  Cross  I'oint,  told  him  there  is  a  young  man  in 
the  .settlement,  wiio  had  been  amongst  all  the  otiier  young  people  of  the 
settlement,  with  belts  inciting  them  to  take  arms  and  assist  the  Indians 
in  taking  the  Fort,  desiring  that  they  would  foini  themselves  into  a 
Company  of  which  he  was  to  be  Captain.  Isaac  Trueax,  Andreas  Trueax, 
Mr.  Fisher,  Turnball,  &  Teller  all  cotem])orary  Prisoners  knew  the  above 
menticmed  Young  ^lan  Personally  from  many  instances  of  his  ill  treat- 
ment and  barbarity  to  the  I'risoners,  and  that  Mr.  Mitchell  knows  his 
name,  they  having  forgelten  it.  Isaac  Trueax  further  declares,  that  Mr. 
Mitchell  also  told  him  there  was  another  Young  Man' on  the  South  side 
of  the  liiver  exciting  the  People  on  that  side  in  the  same  manner  and  to 


^-1 1  n  iiti  uDiaHa  ifMUJ"  .jiiiwi  jtrw 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUS(!UIPTS. 


019 


the  Hnnic  purpoHc  whoHc  imiuc  Milclicll  kIho  Uiiowh.  Ihuik'  Tnicnx  fur- 
thcr  d'-clan-H  that  from  the  tinw  <ln'  mnnU  Inkcii  from  him  iind  tlic  other 
TriHh'VS  ciiin*'  to  Hit-  Iii<li:in  ('imi|>  it  wiis  a  piiltlick  market  between  tlie 
rieiicli  aiKJ  Indians  'liil  ail  wan  sold,  and  thai  McIohh  who  liveH  on  the 
fnillier  side,  of  the  ("reek  from  the  Fort,  eatue  to  1dm  in  i»arlienlar  and 
told  him  tlial  he  ImmikIiI  Dollais  of  the  Indians  and  ^ave  the  valne  of  a 
lU-aver  fopeaehdidlar.  thai  he  also  shewed  hin\  his  own  Waleh  whieh  he 
had  «(.!.  and  asked  him  if  it  was  no(»d.  lie  furl  her  savs  that  he  and  his 
partner  ha<i  l.ion^hl  np  willi  them  a  Ihonsand  DollavH  which  he  saw  dis- 
posed of  to  the  Frencli.  who  were  IIkmc  in  crowds  whilst  the  sale  laflted, 
both  men  and  women  so  man  v.  that  he  eonld  not  possiblv  nnike  any  fnr 

t her  distinction.  t  m         „ 

Isaac  Trueax. 

Andnas  Tineax  sa.vN  that  lie  had  taken  from  him  one  hnndred  and 
lift  V  dollars  whicli  were  also  bonpht  np  by  the  French. 

(Serrit  Teller  a  Schenectady  Inhabitant  declares  that  soon  after  he  was 

bronfrht  to  the  Indhin  Camp  a  Prisoner,  he  spoke  to  one  Nifiaunay  a 

Chii.pewa  Chief,  the  Father  in-Law  of  I)eC(ma{,'ne  the  Interpreter  at  Nhi- 

para,  and  asked  him  if  he  thon>,'ht  we  should  soon  have  Peace,  to  which 

he  answered  not  for  a  lonp  while,  and  asked  him  Teller  if  he  knew  (when 

he  left  N'iajiara)  that  the  Indians  were  flRhtin}^  apainst  the  English,  he 

answered  he  did  not.     The  Indian  Cinef  then  said,  No  that  none  of  the 

English  or  their  Traders  know  of  it;  but  that  all  of  the  French  and  a  few 

of  the  Indian  Chiefs  knew  of  it.     Cerrit  Teller  Further  says  that  one 

Sunday  in  the  afternoon  the  armed  boats  were  sent  up  the  Uiver,  he  saw 

P,art,    the  silver   and    j>uusmith    mentioned  in  the  Declarations  of  Mr. 

Andreas,  Trueax  and  Mr.  Fisher,  run  very  fast  up  into  the  Indian  Camj), 

and  calling  to  tlie  Indians  that  the  English  were  coming  up  again,  upon 

which  the  Indians  tooli  all  to  their  Arms. 

Garrit  Teller. 

Andreas  TiMieax  being  again  examined  says  that  Mitcliel's  wife  at 
Gross  Point  told  him  that  she  was  told  by  a  Frenchman  the  names  of 
four  of  the  first  people  in  this  Colony  who  were  i)rincipals  at  the  head  of 

all  the  mischief  done  here. 

Andreas  Trueax. 

The  above  i)ersons.  Andrea-i  Trueax.  Manning  Fislier.  Isaac  Tr\ieax. 
and  Garrit  Teller.  Declaie  they  are  willing  at  any  time  to  make  affidavit 
of  what  they  have  said,  through  the  course  of  this  examination.     James 

Grant,  President. 

James  C.unu'r  soldier  in  the  (Kith  Hegiment,  who  was  Prisoner  with 
the  Indians,  says  that  Charles  Dusette  had  threatened  to  kill  hira,  & 

83 


if;.."^^? 


H60 


THE  (W.ADWIN   MANUSCUIPTH. 


thnt  ho  iiiid  fou^'lit  ii^iiiiiHt  ('apt.  Dalvfll  on  {]n>  .'UHt  .Inly  iind  iniH  Hr 
Hdbci't  Davri'H'N  Hific  iind  <lu'  I'owdfi'  Horn  and  Point  oT  ('a|>.  ItoltinHon. 
Tli«'  Hiiid  DuHcttc  Ih  the  IN-iHon  liinlcd  in  Mr.  Trncax'H  cvldt-nic  to  iiave 
Brnt  IU'IIh  to  tlic  vonn^  nit-n  ol  llic  Ht'llli'iiH'nl  and  tivatcd  tlic  I'riHoiuTa 
RO  ill. 


lli 


PR()('KK»IN(18  OF  A  COl'HT  OK  INQDIRY   HKIA)  AT  UKTKOIT,  OCTOHKK  I,  IW.l 

Tnpt.  .Tamos  (Jrant,  r>'Mli  Hcfjt.,  I'n'Hidcnt. 

Llont.  llain  of  tho  (jnoonn  Ran^'crH  KnHi^n  AndcrHon  of  tlio  .'intlj  Uopt, 
Momboi-H. 

•lolm  Scvorin^'H  soldier  in  tlio  (tOtli  H('f,'iniont  boin^  talion  I'riHoncr  bv 
the  Hava>,'<'H  in  May  last  hy  tlio  ('liijtpcwas  and  broii^'lit  down  to  tlie 
Ontnwn  Canij)  noar  McIoshIh'S  Honso,  navH  that  dnrinj,'  tho  titno  of  his 
inii»risonnionl  ho  was  inado  to  wor!<  by  tlio  RavapoH  at  tlio  Hafts  with 
which  thoy  intended  to  tire  the  Vessels,  ho  saw  two  Frenchnien,  the  two 
Molosshos,  assist  tho  Savapes  not  only  in  constnictinfj  said  Hafts  but 
had  piven  thom  nnpi-os,  axes  and  other  iniplenionts  fit  for  that  purpose. 
That  ho  was  in  some  time  broiipht  to  the  South  Side  of  tlio  Hivor  to  n 
Frenchman's  house  with  whom  he  waf  made  to  work.  That  tho  French- 
man paid  the  Savapes  half  a  bushel  of  wheat  for  every  four  days  work 
(the  Frenchman's  name  ho  knows  not)  bnt  knows  his  House  that  ho  had 
saw  some  Indians  come  to  tho  House  domandinp  a  cow  to  kill,  that  the 
Woman  of  tho  House  jiskod  them  for  I'ondiac's  order,  which  they  said  in 
Indian,  Panama,  sipnifyinp  soon,  that  ho  had  frociuently  soon  billots  or 
orders  from  Tondiac  to  several  French  for  what  the  Savages  might  want, 
wlii«'h  was  always  readily  granted,  that  ho  heard  tho  woman  of  the  same 
house  say  when  the  Indians  iro  gone  that  Montreal  was  to  pay  half  their 
loss  by  the  Indians.  .Tamos  Connor  soldier  in  the  GDth  Regiment  being 
taken  Prisoner  at  the  same  time  with  the  above,  was  brought  to  Jacoe 
St.  Auborgs  an  inhabitant's  house  who  bought  liim,  that  soon  after  he 
was  bought  Pondiac  the  Indian  f'hief  came  and  desired  St.  Aubergh  to 
send  him  to  work  at  the  Rafts  then  making  to  sett  tiro  to  the  Vessels, 
which  the  Frenchman  obeyed  and  sent  him  and  his  own  son  with  a  horse 
and  cart  to  draw  timber  for  the  Hafts,  that  tho  same  day  he  saw  St. 
Aubergh  give  a  small  Bullock  to  the  Indians  which  thoy  slaughtered 
before  his  door;  that  one  day  one  Piero  Hart  came  to  St.  Auberglis  house 
and  asked  him  the  Prisoner  w  hat  he  thought  of  the  war,  will  the  Fort  be 
taken,  to  which  he  cry'd  no.  That  Bart  said  it  would  in  two  days,  & 
that  he  would  buy  the  two  .Jones's  gunsmiths  from  the  Indians;  that 
Bart  had  at  another  time  told  him  that  tho  soldiers  in  the  Garrison  were 
entered  in  a  Consiiiracy,  and  under  the  silence  of  the  Night  intended  to 
leap  over  the  Pickets  and  abandon  the  Fort,  and  after  they  had  got  out 


'.9%: 


TIIK  <ll,At»\VlN   MANrHfRIITa. 


e.M 


wen-  to  l>f  cuinliirtcd  to  I'oihliiic'H  cimip  It.v  <'ii.'  UlitiilN-iiiix,  :iii  Iriliabl- 
tiiiit  III  llif  I'oi'l,  <l('siiiii>f  liiiii  lit  (Ik-  Hiiiiif  lliiu'  iiol  In  HpciiU  of  It  to  any 
(»f  tlic  KiikMhIi  piisuiiciM  (Tlii«  ( 'oiivfrHiilion  with  Itiiil  wuh  in  Kiik'UhIi) 
tliiit  lie  knew  Miiviick,  SI.  AiiImt^Ii,  MiilliiiiH  McIohIic.  it  nrtithrr  to  liavf 
Ik'cii  const!. iiII.v  at  tin-  Indian  ('oiincills,  wiiilHt  lie  waH  a  I'ririoiicr,  tliat 
hiH  MaHtcr  Ht.  AuIm-ij,'  IuhI  tol<l  liiiii,  Hh'hc  ('<iiintills  wvvr  licUl  to  K«'t 
tlu'ni  to  take  np  Anns  auainsl  tin'  KiikHsIi.  wliicli  tlicy  rcl'iiscd,  but  tiiat 
two  I'l-cncliniaii  liad  talvt-n  up  arniM,  (me  ('liail«»c  iMiHcttc,  tlio  oIIht  name 
lu'  does  n<»t  know.  Tiiat  liv  knows  liis  Master  St.  AiiImtk  to  have  tillt'd 
abont  ten  aiTcs  of  ^Tonnd,  wliidi  lie  liad  Kivcn  to  four  dilfcrcnt  faniillcH 
of  Indians  to  plant  nn-n  in,  that  he  had  idtcn  seen  his  master  IVcd  the 
IndiaiiH  and    knows   him   to   have   bou}j;lit  from  them  dill'erent  sorts  of 

KoodH  plnndoird  and  taken  from  the  EngliisU. 

his 
Jamkh  X  Conner. 
Mark. 

Thomas  Meares  soldier  in  the  (iOth  IlcKimcnt  bcintr  taken  iirisoner  by  tin* 
HavngcB  at  Trcsciu'  isle  the  22d  June  last  says  that  lie  was  brontjht  from 
thence  to  the  Indian  Camp  at  Detroit  where  he  saw  Capt.  (Jampble  &  Lt. 
McDouKiill  rrisoners,  that  soon  after  Lieut.  McDou^'all  having  made  his 
esiape  he  was  carried  to  see  Caj»t.  Campble  put  to  Death  in  a  most  bar- 
barons  and  inhuman  manner,  and  expecting  the  same  to  be  his  Fate  as 
soon  as  they  had  done  mangling  the  body  of  Capt.  Campble,  he  imidored 
the  mercy  of  the  man  in  whose  house  Capt.  Campble  &  LI.  McDougall 
were  whilst  Prisoners,  who  answered  no,  were  you  my  own  Prisoner  I 
would  give  you  to  the  Indians,  as  you  are  an  Englishman,  for  the  Indians 
and  we  are  all  one,  clapping  of  his  hand  to  his  heart,  and  proceeded  in 
saying  whilst  he  had  anything  they  should  not  want,  that  on  their  return 
from  the  place  of  Execution  he  beared  the  same  Landlord  of  Lt.  McDou- 
gall tell  mauy  things  of  him  to  the  Indians  which  occasioned  their  being 
very  cruel  and  ill  natured  to  him  for  a  long  time  after.  That  he  had  been 
soon  after  Capt.  Campble's  Death  brought  to  an  Indian  Village  on  the 
way  to  St.  Josephs  about  four  days  march,  in  which  Village  he  saw  three 
Frenchmen  (whose  names  he  does  not  know  but  well  know  ineir  Faces 
and  their  houses  having  been  there  sjnietime)  come  the  day  after  Capt. 
Dalyell's  Defeat  in  great  haste,  and  beared  them  tell  the  Indi-^-^s  there, 
seemingly  in  the  greatest  joy,  how  the  English  were  beat  <y  had  great 
numbers  Killed,  showing  how  they  were  brought  in  complaining  of  their 
wounds  &  many  other  demonstrations  of  joy.  That  thei  is  a  French- 
man who  lives  below  tlie  Huron  Village,  &  to  his  knowledge  had  given  a 
cornfield  to  three  Families  of  the  Outawa  Indians,  as  well  as  his  Horses 
to  carry  the  corn  for  them  to  the  Kiverside,  when  pulled  (Ue  also  knows 
the  man's  face  and  house).    That  he  also  knows  of  St.  Auberg  having 


:i  ( 


2|1 


652 


TEE  GLADWIN  J[ANUSORIPTS. 


given  a  Field  of  ten  acres  well  lill'd  to  the  savages,  and  that  he  himself 
was  made  to  work  at  the  pulling  of  it,  that  he  also  knows  the  said  St. 
Auberg  having  often  run  into  the  Indian  Camp  where  he  had  been  kept 
with  intelligence  when  the  English  came  out  of  their  Fort  with  their 
lioats  or  otherwise.  That  he  had  often  beared  many  of  tlie  Inhabitants 
spirit  up  the  Irdians  by  telling  them  that  the  English  Garrison  were 
living  upon  two  osinces  of  Flour  pr  day,  and  no  Pork,  nor  was  there  any 
at  Niagara  to  be  sent  to  them,  that  he  knows  also  the  houses  of  several 
Inhabitants  in  which  tlie  English  plunder  is  deposited  and  preserved  for 
the  Savages,  which  he  can  show  at  any  opportunity. 

Thos.  Meares. 

The  three  soldiers,  John  Severings,  James  Conner  &  Thomas  Meares, 
are  ready  to  make  affidavit  to  what  they  have  declared  in  the  Course  of 
the  above  examination. 

James  Grant,  President. 
James  Bain, 
xvob't  Anderson. 


Detroit  12  October,  1763. 

A  COURT  OF  INQUIRY  HELD  BY  ORDER  OP  MAJOR  GLADWIN,  ENG.  COMMANDANT. 

Captain  Robert  Rogers,  I 'resident. 

Lieut.  Hay  GOth  Regt.  (Members)  Ensign  Perry,  Q.  R.  A.  Rangers. 

Evidence  of  Jolin  Seger,  who  was  taken  Prisoner  at  the  Grand  River  in 
coming  here,  says  that  since  he  has  been  a  Captive  he  has  often  beared 
the  Indians  say,  in  talking  amongst  themselves,  that  they  were  surprised 
that  the  French  did  not  keep  their  words  with  them  that  they  liad  pro- 
mised thay  should  not  want  for  Provisions  or  Ammunition  in  case  they 
should  begin  &  continue  the  war  with  the  English,  &  how  would  it  be  by 
and  by  if  they  b 'gan  to  draw  back  already.  He  further  says  tliat  he 
was  last  Winter  at  Toronto  a  trading  when  he  was  told  by  Wapauma- 
gen  a  Chiet  of  iiie  Missisagys  that  St.  Luke  Le  Corn,  had  sent  Belts  to  the 
Several  Nations  this  Way,  as  he  termed  it  under  ye  ground,  which  moved 
about  last  winter,  the  purport  of  which  was  to  desire  them  to  continue 
still  in  their  friendship  to  the  French,  who  would  come  in  a  Fleet  in  the 
Spring  &  take  the  Country  again.  He  at  the  same  tim.e  told  him  that  the 
Indians  would  be  at  War  with  us  in  the  Spring.  That  he  was  told  by  an 
ludian  Chief  in  the  Mohawk  Tongue  in  Mr.  Massack's  House,  in  presence 
of  many  others  that  three  Relts  had  been  going  about  from  the  French 
these  three  years  past  exhorting  the  Indians  to  take  up  Arms  against 
us.  He  also  says  that  as  soon  as  there  is  any  alarm  amongst  the  Indians 
they  carried  their  goods  in  the  French  houses  by  way  of  security,  that  he 


•mmm 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 

saw  six  pieces  of  straw  in  Massacks.  which  lie  believed  to  be  part  of  what 
was  taken  from  him  at  (li-and  Kiver.  The  said  Seger  is  willing  to  take 
his  oath  that  the  said  evidence  is  true  whenever  he  shall  be  called  upon, 
and  that  Several  rrisoners  had  sliown  him  a  Frenchman  who  spoke  a 
little  English,  and  whom  he  will  kn<»w  when  he  sees  him,  that  always 
came  to  lire  against  the  Fort  with  the  Indians.  The  above  Seger  recol- 
lects that  he  was  told  by  the  Chippewas  that  the  tirst  canoe  that  went 
from  here  in  the  Spring  to  Montreal  went  t»n  purpose  to  bring  ammuni- 
tion for  them. 

John  I'acks  soldier,  who  was  taken  I'risoner  coming  from  Michili- 
mackinac  in  the  Spring  says  that  Charlo  Dusette  told  him  that  he  "^d 
Piero  Barth  iiad  received  two  Belts  of  >Vampum  from  the  Indians  as 
Commanders  to  raise  the  French  in  Arms  to  take  the  Vessels,  they  were 
to  have  had  a  man  from  each  family,  but  they  would  not  g  with  them 
though  they  warned  tliem.  That  he  French  Guard  the  most  valuable 
of  tlieir  goods  that  in  case  we  should  drive  tliem  off  they  can  come  back 
and  get  them.  The  above  Packs  is  willing  to  be  qualified  to  the  above 
evidence  whenver  he  shall  be  called  upon.     True  Cojjy. 

BoBEBT  Rogers. 


LETTERS   FROM   M.   NEYEON,   COMMANDANT   AT   THE  ILLINOIS. 

To  all  my  Children :  The  Iroquois,  or  Six  Nations,  Abenakies,  Shawnes, 
Ottawas,  Chippewas,  Hurons,  Pautewatamies,  Shiraponts,  Macoutins, 
Miamis,  Ouiejalanaws,  Peanquickias,  Ilinois,  Sakeys,  Foxes,  Folcavoines, 
Ozages,  Kanses,  Missouris,  Panis,  and  to  all  Red  Men. 

My  Dear  Children,  as  none  of  you  can  reproach  me  of  lying,  I  promised 
you  to  communicate  to  you  the  news,  and  you  to  listen  to  my  speech, 
io!  hero  it  is.  My  dear  Children,  open  your  ears  that  it  may  penetrate 
even  to  the  bottom  of  your  Hearts.  Tiie  great  day  has  come  at  last 
wherein  it  has  pleased  the  Master  of  Life  to  inspire  the  Great  King  of 
the  French,  and  him  of  tlie  English  to  make  Peace  between  them,  sorry 
to  see  the  blood  of  men  spilled  so  long,  it  is  for  this  reason  they  have 
ordered  all  their  Chiefs  and  Warriors  to  lay  down  their  arms  and  we  to 
acquaint  you  of  this  news,  to  engage  you  to  bury  tlie  hatchet,  doing  it 
as  I  bone,  what  joy  you  will  have  in  seeing  the  French  and  English 
p  ■jke  witu  the  same  pipe  and  eating  out  of  the  same  spoon  and  finally 
living  like  Bretheren.  You  will  see  the  Road  free,  the  Lakes  and  Rivers 
unstopped.  Ammunitions  and  Merchandise  will  abound  in  your  Vil- 
lages; Your  women  and  children  will  be  cloaked  as  well  as  you,  they 
will  go  to  the  dances  and  Festivals  not  with  cumbersome  &  heavy  clothes, 
but  with  skirts,  blankets  and  Ribbands,  forget  then,  my  dear  children,  all 
the  evil  talcks,  may  vhe  wind  carry  olf  like  dust  all  those  which  have  pro- 


654 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


il! 


cet'ded  out  evil  inoulhs.  The  Kt'spcct  and  Fiiendshij.  wliiclj  you  biiv.« 
Jilwiiys  had  foi'  the  Word  of  Onondiijo  ;iiid  for  mine  in  particular  inak-H 
me  believe  lliat  .vou  will  listen  to  this  one  now:  It  is  from  a  Father  who 
loves  tenderl.v  his  Children  and  v,  ho  seeks  nothing  but  your  welfare. 

The  French  are  free  even  as  you,  they  ehanfje  the  Land  when  the  King 
orders  it,  he  has  not  {,'iven  yours,  he  has  only  ceded  those  which  he  had 
amongst  you  in  order  to  avoid  War  for  the  future  and  that  ye  may  always 
enjoy  tranquility  and  have  abundance  of  merchandise  in  your  Villages. 
I  dei».nd  upon  you  that  you  will  not  make  me  lie,  and  that  your  Young 
Men  will  not  quit  their  Rattles  or  play  things  to  take  up  t'he  Hatchet, 
but  to  carry  it  amongst  Savage  Nations  from  whom  vou  expect  no  suc- 
cours and  who  are  on  the  Earth  to  Kmbroil  it.  Leave  off  then  my  Dear 
Children  from  spilling  the  blood  of  your  Bretheren  the  English,  our 
hearts  are  now  but  one,  you  cannot  at  present  strike  the  one  without  hav- 
ing the  other  for  enemy  also,  if  you  continue  you  will  have  no  supplys 
and  is  from  us  that  you  expect  them,  you  will  be  alwavs  in  mv  heart, 
and  in  those  of  the  French  who  will  never  abandon  you. 

I  bid  you  all  farewell  and  recommend  you  to  respect  always  the  French 
who  remain  amongst  you,  altho  I  expect  lo  go  off  sometime  after  the 
Couriers  which  I  dispatch  to  you,  send  me  yoiir  answer  by  them.  If  I 
do  not  receive  it  here  it  will  be  at  New  Orleans  where  I  will  concert  with 
the  great  chief,  the  means  for  supplying  you,  thus  having  all  the  other 
side  of  the  River  Mississippi  where  the  French  will  supply  the  wants  o-f 
those  who  will  be  in  this  quarter. 

I  pray  the  Master  of  Life  to  enter  into  your  hearts  &  that  he  may  make 
you  know  that  in  following  the  advice  which  I  give  vou  to  make  Peace 
with  our  Bretheren  the  English,  you  may  never  stand  in  need  of  bein.- 
pitied,  and  finally  that  the  King,  I  and  all  the  French  will  be  glad  to  see 
you  live  m  Peace,  and  for  proof  of  the  truth  of  what  I  tell  you,  I  sign 
these  Presents  with  my  hand  and  put  thereto  the  seal  of  my  arms  at  Fort 
Chartre  27  Sept.  17G3, 
(Seal) 

Signed,        J.  Neyeon  DeVilliere, 

Fort  Chartre  at  the  Illinois,  27th  Oct.,  1763. 
Gentlemen:  It  is  well  decided  that  the  King  of  France,  the  King  of 
England  and  he  of  Spain  (undoubtedly  affected  with  the  horrors  of  such 
a  long  and  bloody  war)  have  at  length  made  Peace,  whereof  the  Detinite 
Treaty  was  Exchanged  the  4th  of  March  last.  It  is  by  virtue  of  a  letter 
with  the  King's  Seal  that  the  Governour  by  his  dispatches  bearing  date 
he  13th  ot  last  July  (and  which  I  received  the  21st  past)  gives  me  orders 
to  deliver  up  this  Peace  to  the  Comu.issaries  of  his  Brittannick  Majesty 
empowered  by  his  orders  for  the  purpose  &  evacuate  it.     I  do  not  eater 


J 


THli  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS, 


666 


L 


into  a  Detail  of  this  Cession; it  is  conforniablc  to  tlie  articles  in  the  Parlia- 
mentaries  concerning  tliis  Quarter,  and  which  you  have  seen,  which 
leaves  the  Inhabitants  free  and  at  liberty  to  retire  whoreever  it  seemeth 
pood  unto  them  within  the  possessions  of  the  Three  Kinps;  he  has  then 
ordered  nie  to  acquaint  nil  tliose  who  are  willing  to  withdraw  themselvoB 
hereof,  &  to  propose  to  them  New  Orleans,  the  Aliemants,  Lapointe, 
Loupdd,  Anhancas  and  Sante  Gunnviene,  to  establish  themselves  there 
with  assurance  of  having  all  facility  in  tiieir  new  settlements.  If  any 
amongst  you  gentlemen  choose  to  follow  this  resolution,  they  are  free 
to  do  it  and  may  assuie  themselves  that  I  will  procure  them  every  suc- 
cour that  will  depend  on  me.  It  remains  then,  Gentlemen,  that  I  exhort 
you  agreeable  to  the  Kings  intention  to  put  everything  in  practice  to  con- 
tribute to  the  Peace  which  I  demand  of  the  Indians,  being  well  persuaded 
that  the  English  Gentlemen  will  take  the  most  just  means  to  accomplish 
it  in  consequence  whereof  I  have  dispatched  these  Couriers  and  am 
entirely,  Gentlemen,  Your  very  humble  &  Most  Obt.  Servt. 

(Signed)        Neyeon  DeVilliere. 


\ 


To  all  the  Inhabitants  at  Detroit. 

We  Peter  Joseph  Neyon  DeVilliere  Major  Comuiandnnt  of  the  Illinois: 

Mr.  Deciuindre,  Cadet,  is  ordered  to  set  out  this  dny  with  one  named 
.Tames  la  Devarette  and  two  Indians  to  go  to  Detroit  to  carry  our  Dis- 
patches thither. 

He  will  be  charged,  moreover,  with  a  parole  from  us  in  writing  with  a 
flying  seal,  three  Bells  and  four  i>ipes  for  all  the  Nations. 

As  the  Ouyatanons  are  the  first  that  he  will  find,  he  will  cause  their 
Chiefs  to  be  assembled,  together,  to  whom  he  will  explain  exactly  our 
I'arole  in  assuring  them  of  the  Peace,  in  token  whereof,  he  will  deliver 
up  to  them  one  Belt  and  one  Pipe. 

He  will  do  the  same  with  the  Kekapouts,  Maskoukins,  &  Miamis,  and 
from  thence  he  will  go  to  Detroit,  when  he  will  deliver  our  letters  to  the 
Commandant. 

If  contrary  to  our  intentions  the  siege  of  Detroit  by  the  Indians  should 
obstruct  his  entering  into  the  Fort,  he  is  to  go  to  Pondiac,  Chief  of  Outa- 
was,  where  he  will  read  over  our  Parole  and  give  it  up  to  them,  enjoyning 
them  to  convey  it  to  all  the  other  Nations. 

He  will  be  on  his  Guard  in  order  to  avoid  all  manner  of  surprises  from 
ill  conditioned  Indians. 

We  command  to  him  most  expressly  to  make  all  dispatch.  We  desire, 
therefor,  all  whom  it  may  concern  not  to  retard  him  but  on  the  contrary 
to  procure  him  succour  and  assistance.  Given  at  Fort  Chartro,  27  Sept. 
1763. 

Signed,        Neyon   ViLLiERji. 


666 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


THE  DECLARATION  OF  MR.  JADOC  TO  MAJOR  GLADWIN  AND  (UPT.  ORANT  AT  MAJOR 
(ILADWIN'S  HOUSE,  THE  24TH  DEC,  1783,  IN  THE  EVENING. 

Saith  that  in  council  with  I'ondiac  composed  of  the  following  principal 
Inliabitants.  viz.,  Navarre  Sohcott.  Canipeau,  Currio,  and  Frank  Mcloss, 
somotinio  about  the  latter  end  of  June  or  beginning  of  July,  176,*^  Schcoti 
told  Pondiac  that  they  would  not  fighl  with  him  against  the  r:nglish,  as 
they  would  expose  their  wives  and  children  to  inevitable  ruin,  should 
they  not  succeed,  but  that  there  were  about  three  hundred  young  men  in 
the  settlement  wlio  had  neither  Parents  or  much  property  to  lose,  that 
might  and  ought  to  join  him,  in  consequence  of  which  speech  Tondiac 
addressed  himself  to  some  Young  Men  present,  who  immediately  agreed 
to  join  him  and  fight  against  the  English.     Kenbarger  told  him  of  this 
Council  and  that  Frank  Meloss  had  insisted  in  s..h1  Council  that  Mr. 
Nevarre  being  a  knowing  &  leading  man  would  tell  assure  Pondiac  that 
th(>y  were  all  ready  and  willing  to  take  up  arms  with  him  against  the 
English,  which  Nevarre  absolutely  refused,  &  said  no  I  will  not  tell  him, 
tell  it  him  yourself.     That  on  Jadocs  hearing  the  result  of  this  (Jouncil 
he  came  to  Pero  Potie,  the  Jesuit  and  prevailed  ui)on  him  to  come  to  the 
Fort  and  acquaint  the  Commandant  of  what  passed,  but  as  the  Jesuit 
was  ready  to  sell  out,  I'iero  La  Bute  &  Baptist  Gruereme  came  and  tind- 
ing  he  was  going  to  the  Fort  told  him  he  was  mad,  that  Pondiac  would 
burn  his  church,  destroy  all  he  had  and  then  kill  himself,  which  fright- 
ened him  and  prevented  his  going  and  acquaint  the  Commandant  that  it 
was  agreed  upon  in  (\)uncil  about  the  5th  day  of  July,  that  the  Garrison 
was  to  be  attacked  without  by  the  Savages  and  French,  and  within  by 
the  French  Inhabitants  residing  in  the  Fort.     N.  B.    This  corresponds 
with  three  large  Keys  being  found  in  the  Fort,  which  answered  in  every 
respect  the  locks  of  "the  Fort  &  with  the  Deposition  of  McConie,  a  soldier 
in  the  GOth  Regiment,  who  had  at  that  time  been  Prisoner,  and  told  by  a 
fellow  Prisoner,  who  spoke  good  French  that  the  Garrison  were  all  to  be 
murdered,  as  the  French  were  all  to  attack  it  from  without  and  within, 
as  well  as  the  savages,  or  to  this  puri)ose.     Jadoc  further  saith  that  at 
Piero  Labutes  House  he  told  Pondiac  of  the  Peace,  and  putting  three  of 
his  lingers  close,  showing  as  the  three  great  Kings  had  now  made  Peace, 
that  in  attacking  the  English  it  was  attacking  the  whole  three  &  many 
other  arguments  to  prevail  on  the  Savage  Chief  to  listen  to  reason  which 
ho  for  a  little  lime  seemed  inclined  to  giving  great  attention;  But  the 
said  Labute  in  a  rage  told  liim  Pondiac  it  was  all  a  lie,  propogated  by  the 
English  to  deceive  them,  and  tliat  Jadoc  himself  xyas  no  other  than  an 
Englishman.     He  further  saith  that  all  the  St.  Obaignes  &  Campeans 
are  the  most  ])nmiineut  i.eople  in  llie  settlement,  and  by  them  proposed 
(0  make  trenches,  that  when  the  enemy  were  close  on  the  outside  the 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


657 


Garrison  was  to  be  attaclied  within.  That  Hart  the  gunsmith  and  Ship- 
pa-on,  two  Inhalitaut.s  of  iIk'  Fart  Isad  ofd  n  ^jone  out  anion}i;st  the  Snv- 
apes  and  told  eviTywlicre  tiiat  tlio  Enfjlisli  in  llie  Fort  were  iialf  Dead, 
and  tliat  a  jjood  sava;je  cry  would  make  them  surrender;  Further  that 
Currie,  Schioott,  Men.v  Chene,  (Jodfrey  and  others  knew  of  the  Plan  to 
murder  the  Garrison  in  Council  several  days  before  it  was  attempted  to 
be  put  into  execution;  and  that  by  the  requests  of  Curie,  (^anipeau  and 
some  others  ('apt.  Campbell  was  to  be  saved.  That  Pierro  La  Pute  iuid 
told  Jadoc  that  Currie  had  also  desired  of  Pondiac  to  save  Capt.  Hop- 
kins that  he  was  as  one  of  them,  which  he  promised  to  do  if  lie  knew  him. 
Further  that  Baptist  (\'imj)eau  came  to  his  Jadocs  house  showed  hira 
some  letters  &  a  Pelt  wliich  «ere  to  be  sent  to  the  Illinois  l)y  Godfrey 
and  Meny  Chene,  which  on  reading  surprised  him  so  much  that  he  asked 
said  Campeau  if  he  showed  them  to  the  Co  mandaut;  that  he  answered 
witli  equal  surprise,  what  Commandant,  we  have  no  other  Commandart 
now  but  Pondiac  &  next  Sunday  you'll  go  to  the  Mass  in  tlie  Fort,  and 
you'll  see  no  English  there,  we  will  take  it  eer  that  time.  Jadoc  then 
replied,  how  will  you  take  it.  We  will  take  it  by  sapp  replied  Campeau, 
further  that  Titfoe,  who  came  in  the  Fall  from  th.e  IMin-^is  and  positively 
declared  to  all  the  Savages  there  was  no  Peace  that  it  was  all  a  lie  & 
there  would  be  an  army  soon  from  the  Illinois  Avith  ammunition  enough; 
lie  lodges  and  resides  at  old  Predomes  House.  That  LeVille  Beau,  Char- 
toe  Campeau  and  old  Predome  ])articularly  harboured  and  fed  the  sav- 
ages in  the  times  of  want.  Further  that  outside  Rentaigne,  Cab- 
barcher,  St.  Andrew  and  St.  Bernard  are  all  good  men,  but  that,  in  short, 
the  villaney  of  the  settlement  in  general,  to  write  it.  would  fill  a  volume. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  A  COURT  OF  RNQDIBY  HELD  BY  MAJOR  GLADWIN'S  ORDER  TO  EX- 
AMINE THE  FOLLOWING  PERSONS  UPON  OATH.   DETROIT,  20TH   DEC,  1763. 

Capt.  James  Grant,  President. 

Lieut.  Abbot  Royal  Artillery  Ensign  John  Christie  Members. 

James  Barns  soldier  in  the  60th  Regiment  being  duly  sworn  declares 
that  he  was  one  of  the  Garrison  of  Miarais  on  the  27  May  1763,  when  that 
Garrison  was  taken  by  the  Indians,  and  that  Mr.  Welch  the  Merchant 
who  had  been  taken  on  the  Miamis  River  some  days  before,  told  him 
after  he  had  been  taken,  that  being  in  the  river  he  was  haled  to  come  on 
shore  and  was  secured  by  tlie  Indians  in  company  with  two  frenchmen, 
Godfrey  and  Miney  Chene,  who  were  with  the  same  Indians  when  he 
came  to  the  Miamis  Fort  on  the  26tli  in  the  Evening,  &  that  next  day 
after  Mr.  Holmes  was  killed,  the  Serjeant  taken  and  the  men,  having 
shut  the  Fort,  the  Frenchman  Godfrey  was  with  Mr.  Welch  at  the  Fort 
when  he  called  to  them  to  give  up  the  Fort  &  that  they  would  be  all 
83 


m 


I^K!' 


668 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCIRIPTS. 


s.ivcd,  oil  llio  f'onlrary,  (lie  Fort  would  bo  set  on  flrt'  &  they  nil  burn't, 
upon  which  they  oju'iicd  tlio  pules  and  sni—cndi'rcd,  that  soon  after  thoy 
were  Prisoners,  Welcli  tohl  liini  tlie  Deponant  lliat  he  was  ordoied  to  tell 
tluMu  to  fi;ive  np  (he  Fort,  Uy  the  two  Frenclnnen  (iodfrey  and  Cheno,  that 
(Godfrey  had  told  him,  tlie  Deponant,  to  give  him  a  pair  of  silver  buckles 
he  had  on  his  shoes,  sayinjj  he  mifiiit  hav<>  Ihem  as  well  as  the  Indians, 
which  he,  Godfrey,  made  Welch  Interpret  to  him  in  Fnfjlish,  for  which 
buckles  the  said  (Jodfrey  ])aid  him,  at  Deti'oit,  in  December  following, 
beinp  then  Prisoner  there;  the  Indians  wlic,  had  them  Prisoners  told 
them  they  were  soinjr  to  take  Onyatanaw,  and  Avent  off  aci'ordinf!;ly 
accompanied  by  the  two  said  Frenchmen,  Godfrey  and  Chene,  and  that 
soon  after  they  heard  Oiiiyatanaw  was  taken  and  that  they  carried  two 
of  the  soldiers  taken  at  Miamis  with  them,  when  they  went  off  for  Aniya- 
tanaw.  The  Deponant  further  says  that  as  soon  as  they  were  taken 
away  from  the  Fort  Miamis,  He  saw  Frer'h  Colours  flying  upon  it.  The 
De;!onant  further  says,  upon  oath,  that  Godfrey  and  Miney  Chene,  the 
jirisoners  at  Detroit,  are  the  very  Persons  he  saw  with  the  Indians  when 
Miamis  was  taken. 

William  Bolton,  soldier  in  the  00th  Regiment,  being  duly  sworn,  con- 
firms the  Depositions  of  Burns,  excepting  from  the  consternation  he  was 
in  he  does  not  remember  who  was  with  Welch  when  he  spoke  to  them  to 
surrender  the  Fort,  as  also  that  he  heared  that  the  Indians  had  told  the 
Frenchman  Godfrey  and  Chene  to  desire  him  to  tell  them  in  the  Fort. to 
surrender  and  that  tliey  would  be  all  saved. 

John  McConnie  Soldier  in  the  fiOth  Regiment  being  duly  swornne 
deposeth  that  he  was  taken  by  the  savages  at  Presqu'  isle  in  June  17(53, 
that  he  was  conducted  from  that  to  the  Indian  encampment  above 
Detroit  and  from  thence  to  one  Labidie's  house,  an  Inhabitant  on  the 
Riverside  below  the  Fort,  and  that  during  the  two  nights  he  was  there,  he 
saw  the  Landlord  Labidie  with  his  own  hands  dressing  the  heads  and 
painting  of  three  Young  Frenchmen  in  the  Indian  manner,  each  of  the 
two  nights.  He  believes  the  first  night  was  only  to  please  the  savages, 
several  being  there.  Tiiat  on  the  day  following,  being  the  second  day,  he 
was  there,  one  Rannoc.  a  Frenchman  but  a  soldiiM'  taken  with  him  and 
J'risoner  at  Labadies  told  him,  with  seeming  sorrow,  that  this  night  they 
would  all  be  killed  within  the  Fort,  That  AYaggeman,  another  Fellow 
Prisoner  liad  been  sent  into  the  Fort  to  be  exchanged  for  an  Indian,  and 
then  would  be  killed,  That  he  the  Deponant  having  asked  Rannoc  how  or 
in  what  manner  they  wei'e  to  be  killed  telling  him  at  the  same  time  of  his 
seeing  Labadie  painting  and  dressing  the  young  Frenchmen  the  night  be- 
fore, that  Rannoc  then  replied  that  the  rain  only  hindered  them  from  at- 
tempting it  the  night  before  and  that  the  French  were  to  assist  the  Indi 
ans,  being  angry  for  a  Frenchman  bcMig  wounded,  and  this  Night  they  are 


Jir-1 


'-  ■wawauM-aaa 


THE  OliADWlN   MANUSCRIITS. 


to  be  killed  in  the  Fort,  as  thev  can  jn>  i"  wIk'H  tln'y  please,  tiiey  having 
gotten  keys  to  open  the  Gates  &  all  the  French  within  are  to  rise  and 
assist  them  as  well  as  all  the  young  men  in  the  country. 

The  depomint  further  declares  that  the  evening  of  the  day  Ilannoc  told 
iiim  as  above,  Labadie,  tlie  Landlord,  had  the  second  lime  addressed  his 
young  men  as  above  described,  who  had  all  gone  out  with  several  sav- 
ages, lie  inuigined  to  attack  the  Fort  as  told  him  by  Kannoc,  that  at  sev- 
eral other  little  intervals  during  the  Mghl  Labadie  came  to  the  place 
where  the  Depouant  lay,  touching  him  with  his  hand,  he  believes  to  pre- 
vent his  escape,  the  house  being  dark  and  only  one  old  soldier  left  to 
guard  him.  That  about  tlu  middle  of  the  ^'ight,  tinding  the  House  quiet 
he  the  Deponant  got  up,  and  crept  as  far  as  the  Door,  witli  an  Intention 
to  make  his  Escape  but  was  prevented  by  Labadie's  having  heard  him 
trying  to  open  the  door,  challenged  him  and  desired  if  he  would  go  out 
to  take  the  Indian  along  with  him.  The  Deponant  further  says  that  he 
believes  he  might  have  got  off,  had  he  not  in  the  same  day,  Kannoc  and 
he  conversed  as  above,  put  confidence  in  Lai. Kile  who  had  asked  him  if  he 
knew  the  Indians  to  have  got  money  in  their  plunders  with  some  other 
questions  to  which  he  re])lied  he  did  not  know,  but  that  they  had  got 
some  Watcl.es,  and  tlien  consulted  him  about  nuiking  his  escape,  that  he 
told  him  it  was  impossible  if  could  not  swim,  pointing  to  the  River, 
which  trust  he  is  certain  prevented  his  getting  off  that  night  by  the 
vigilance  of  Labadie  &  likewise  believes  was  the  occasion  of  his  being 
carried  away  next  day  to  Sagama,  where  in  his  way  he  met  with  John 
Edwards  a  Soldier  &  Prisoner  to  whom  he  related  the  circumstances  as 
in  this  Deposition.  The  Deponant  further  declares  that  he  saw  Labadie 
buy  three  pairs  of  white  stockings  from  the  Indians  for  tobacco,  which 
stockings  he  believes  had  been  the  property  of  Ensign  Christie,  who  had 
been  also  taken  at  Presqu-isle.  And  that  he  further  knows  the  said 
Labadie  to  have  received  spades  shovels  and  other  utensils  belonging  to 
the  King  from  the  Salvages.  The  Deponant  further  says  that  in  the  Fall 
of  the  Year  when  he  was  a't  Sagana,  he  saw  two  cannons  with  eight  or 
nine  Frenchmen,  mostly  wounded,  who  the  Indians  told  him  were  going 
to  the  Mississippi  for  to  bring  ammunition  and  men,  that  a  French  army 
from  thence  were  coming  this  way.  The  Deponant  further  says  that  he 
was  lying  down  in  Labadies  house  one  of  his  Daughters  came  to  him, 
give  him  a  kick  with  her  foot  and  told  him  in  English  to  move  aside,  and 
that  the  husband  of  that  woman  was  one  of  the  men  dressed  and  painted 
by  Labadie  as  above  related,  and  had  gone  out  with  the  savages  in  the 
night. 

John  Edwards  soldier  being  duly  sworn  declares  that  the  Deponant 
McConnie  had  told  him  on  his  way  to  Sagaua  the  whole  in  regard  to  a 
Frenchman  in  whose  house  he  had  been  in,  having  painted  and  dressed 


L 


: 


660 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRUTS. 


three  young  Frenclmicn,  wlio  he  believes  jiHuiHted  the  Indians  aRiiinst  the 
Fort  and  also  (old  him  witii  ffi'cat  concern  tlwit  the  Fort  was  to  nave 
been  taken  lliat  Night  in  the  nnuiwer  relaled  in  his  depenition.  N.  li. 
The  circuniHtances  in  Ihe  Deposition  of  McConnie  with  regard  to  the 
Gates  being  laid  open  by  the  Enemy's  false  keyH  appears  to  be  true,  as 
there  were  three  large  keys  found  within  the  Fort  sometime  after  hid 
under  ground  exactly  the  same  make  with  the  real  keys  of  the  Fort 
and  answering  locks  equally  well.  McConnie  being  asked  how  he  knew 
Labadie  to  be  th«,'  Person  he  had  seen  Painting  the  Young  Men  &Cc 
Answers  he  has  often  since  he  came  from  the  Savages,  therefore  knows 
him  perfectly  well;  being  asked  who  were  the  young  men  he  saw  him 
paint,  answers  he  believes  two  of  them  were  his  sous  &  the  other  he  is 
sure  was  his  son-in-law. 

James  Grant,  President. 


A  COURT  OP  INQHiBY  ORDERED  TO  TAKE  THE  DEPOSITIONS  OF  THE  FOLLOWING  PER- 
SONS TAKEN  HY  THE  ^:AVAaE8  IN  THE  SUMMER,  17B». 
DETROIT,  218T  FEBRUARY,  1764. 

Capt.  James  Grant,  President. 

Ensign  John  Christie,  Ensign  Christopr  Pauly,  60th  Regt.  Members. 

Capt  John  McCoy  of  the  60th  Regiment  being  duly  sworn  Deposeth 
that  he  was  at  Miamis  Fort  on  the  27th  day  of  May  1763  when  it  was 
taken  by  the  savages,  that  in  the  morning  he  saw  some  Indians  coming 
towards  the  Fort,  that  he  went  out  to  see  who  they  were,  and  what  they 
came  about,  that  as  he  approached  them  he  saw  Mr.  Welch,  the  Indian 
Trader  and  two  Frenchmen,  Ciiene  and  Godfrey,  with  the  savages,  that 
Welch  called  to  him  and  told  him  it  was  better  to  surrender  the  Fort, 
that  their  officer  was  killed  &  that  none  of  them  would  be  hurt,  on  which 
he  turned  round  to  go  back  to  the  Fort  but  found  that  he  was  surrounded 
by  the  savages  and  his  retreat  cut  off;  surrendered  himself  and  was  car- 
ried away  to  tlie  Indian  Cabbins  about  200  Yards  where  he  found  three 
soldiers  who  had  been  taken  with  Mr.  Welsh  some  days  before:  Being 
asked  in  regard  to  the  behavior  of  the  Frenchmen  Godfrey  &  Chene, 
answers  he  saw  no  bad  behavior  of  them  during  the  time  he  had  any 
opi^  rtunity  of  seeing  them,  wliich  was  not  above  an  hour,  he  further 
Deposeth  that  the  second  day  after  he  was  taken  from  the  opposite  side 
of  the  River  he  saw  a  Frenchman  hoisting  a  white  Flag  on  the  Flagg  Staff 
but  does  not  know  positively  who  the  Frenchman  was,  that  lie  did  not 
know  of  Ensigii  Holmes  being  out  of  the  Fort  until  he  was  told  by 
Welsh  that  he  was  killed,  that  he  knows  nothing  of  any  French  that  had 
been  seen  amongst  the  Indians,  but  of  a  vagabond  (had  been  sometimes 
at  the  Miamis)  wlio  has  gone  off  to  the  Illinois  &  had  often  told  the 
Indians  that  Quebec  and  New  Y'ork  &c  were  to  be  taken,  that  the  Miamis 


'  ajiggijajKutBaBia 


THE  OLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


m 


Indians  liad  on!y  sent  Hcvcntirn  or  ciylitcen  of  their  Wurriors  to  Detroit 
who  tiiey  (old  hiiu  were  not  to  light  uh  they  were  ut  war  against  the 
Cheroliees. 

I{ol)ert  Lawrence  soldier  in  the  GO(h  Ilefjrinient  Deposeth  that  on  the 
I'llh  Ma.v  when  he  was  taken  l>.v  tiie  Indians  wilh  Mr.  Welch  the  Trader 
on  the  Mianiis  Itiver  lie  saw  ilie  two  Frendinien  (Jodfre.v  and  Chene,  with 
the  same  Indians  of  whom  he  asked  Welch  to  enqnire  what  Nation  the 
Indians  were  oil",  (hat  the  old  man  Godfrey  answered  tliey  were  Ottawas 
and  Chippewas,  (hai  Welch,  at  his  desire,  asked  the  Frenchman  Godfrey 
a{,'ain,  where  tliey  were  going?  Who  answered  that  the  Indians  had  sent 
them  w'th  Letters  to  the  Commandant  of  the  Illinois  to  desire  tluit  he 
would  come  down  and  take  possession  of  the  Garrison  of  Detroit,  that 
Gapt.  Campble  and  Lt.  McDougall  were  taken  Prisoners,  &  that  the 
Indians  had  been  a  beating  of  them  for  two  days  before  they  left  Detroit, 
that  Godfrey  spoke  to  them  only,  tli  c  Miney  Cheue  kept  constantly 
among  the  luo:  tns,  that  in  a  little  after  they  were  taken  and  tied,  he  saw 
two  other  Frenchmen  whose  names  he  does  not  know,  who  had  some  con- 
versation with  Mr.  Welsh,  Godfrey  and  Miney  Chene,  set  otf  with  these 
other  Frenchmen  who  were  servants  to  Mr.  Welch,  in  two  Battoes  with 
all  the  plunder  then  taken  he  was  told  for  this  Place,  that  Welsh  told 
him  on  the  25tli  that  the  old  Frenchman  Godfrey  had  asked  what  sort  of 
man  was  Mr.  Holmes?  Was  he  a  good  soldier?  That  on  his  being  told 
he  was,  the  Frenchman  then  said  if  he  was  lie  had  better  shut  the  gates 
and  Fight.  TJiat  on  the  2Gth  in  the  evening  the  Indians  had  tied  the 
Prisoners  down  to  the  ground,  within  two  miles  of  thi  Fort  Miamis; 
Went  all  off  except  two,  who  with  the  two  Frenchmen  Godfrey  and 
Miney  Cliene,  he  as  well  as  the  other  Prisoners  supposed  were  left  to 
Guard  them,  that  after  they  were  sometime  gone,  Mr.  Welch  asked  the 
French  where  they  were  gone,  they  told  him  to  kill  Mr.  Holmes,  in  his 
Room  if  they  could,  that  in  the  night  two  Indians  returned  to  where  they 
were  tied  &  were  led  in  that  condition  lo  their  Cabbins.  That  in  the 
morning  27th  May  they  had  contrived  to  get  Mr.  Holmes  out  of  the  Fort, 
waylaid  &  killed  him  &  brought  his  scalp  to  the  Cabbins,  that  then  they 
called  out  Welch  and  the  two  Frenchmen  Godfrey  and  Miney  Chene  who 
he  saw  no  more. 

Thomas  Cooper  a  soldier  in  thd  GOth  Regiment  being  upon  Oath, 
Deposeth  he  was  taken  at  the  De^iot  of  St.  Cayler  on  Lake  Erie  and  car- 
ried through  this  settlement  to  an  Indian  farm,  belonging  to  different 
Nations,  that  he  was  well  treated  by  the  Savages  during  liis  Confinement 
&  did  not  see  a  Frenchman  all  the  time  he  was  prisoner. 

N.  B.  The  two  Frenchmen  who  carried  off  Welsh's  goods  and  not 
known  by  Lawrence  must  be  known  by  Godfrey  and  Miney  Chene,  who 
were  there. 

James  Grant,  President. 

John  Christie,  H.  Pauli,  Ensigns  60th  Regt.  Members. 


662 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 


Driroif,  K!  FebrKari/,  1764. 
.ladciiii  luld  the  CtnuiiiiiiHlaiit  in  my  picsenci'  thai  there  are  HoveralH 
ill  tlii»  sr(ll(nient  maldiiK  I'ettvMfiiiai  in  orch-r  to  run  olT  in  the  Si»i'in« 
Willi  all  liieir  Ki">i"«.  <<»  "'<'  Illinois  &  that  that  several  of  them  had  called 
him  names  and  al)us<'d  him  lor  hindriii^'  them  from  slrikinf,'  the  Knulish 
last  year,  and  driving  them  oat  of  th  •  country,  and  pi'omised  to  brin^ 
their  names.  .ladean  returned  the  V>tV  March,  hut  says  tlie  above  inten- 
tion was  owiiif;  to  u  vafiabond  from  Montreal  who  stays  in  the  settle- 
ment and  lie  is  to  brinn  him  into  the  Fort  as  soon  as  possible  with  Clare- 
mont  who  is  to  discover  a  person  in  the  Fort  who  had  sun},'  and  Danced 
the  War  Sonj;  and  Dance  with  the  Indians  th(»  Nipht  or  Day  before  the 
Commandant  and  the  (lariison  were  to  l>e  murdered  in  Councill,  which 
he  told  Clarenionl  the  intended  Massacre.  Jadeau  further  told  on  the 
;aid  Uth  March,  that  one  rred«  iie  an  Inhabitant  abused  him  for  stop- 
ping some  yoHUfj;  Frenchmen  (foiced  by  Pondiac)  from  attackiiifj  the  Ves- 
sell,  he  f'lrt'.ier  says  that  old  Itean  an  Inhabitant  on  the  south  side  of  the 
River  (oi'  little  Cote)  is  one  of  the  worst  subjects  in  the  Colony. 


ii 


Thursday,  the  5th  Aj)ril,  1764. 

Jadeau  furtlier  told  me  in  Col.  Cladwins  room  &  presence,  that  Teala 
llie  Huron  Chief  had  told  him  that  the  source  of  the  Indian  War,  was 
not  owing  to  any  IJelts  or  Emissary  sent  amongst  the  Indian  Nations 
about  Detroit  by  the  Six  Nations  but  to  the  French,  who  had  been  con- 
stantly telling  them  that  their  Father  had  come  and  taken  Quebec  & 
Montreal  &  they  were  coming  lieif  with  an  army  from  the  Illinois,  that 
they  would  be  i!n}.ry  with  them  if  they  did  not  stiike  the  English  and 
take  the  Fort,  ere  they  came,  that  th's  was  tlie  argument  used  by  more 
than  two  thirds  of  the  settlement  to  stir  up  the  Indii'ns  to  mischief. 

I  was  informed  by  Mr.  LeGrand  and  Monsieur  Din  isseaux,  that  before 
Canada  was  taken  Pondiac  and  some  Chiefs  from  Detroii,  suspecting  a 
complete  conquest  on  tiie  side  of  I  he  English  had  gone  down  to  Fort  Pitt 
and  the  other  Forts  on  the  Communication  towards  Pensylvania  enquir- 
ing tlie  treatment  they  would  have  should  the  English  succeed  to  which 
was  answered  that  first  all  the  Kivers  were  to  run  in  Rum,  that  presents 
from  this  great  King  were  to  be  unlimited,  that  all  sorts  of  goods  were  to 
be  in  the  utmost  plenty  and  so  cheap  as  a  lilanket  for  two  Beavers,  4 
Raccoons  taken  for  a  15*.  nver,  with  many  other  fair  promises  which  they 
told  in  the  settlement  on  their  return  with  much  insolence.  In  conse- 
quence of  which  they  pllowed  Rogers  with  a  handful  of  men  to  take  pos- 
session of  the  Fort  and  Colony,  receiving  him  with  joy,  and  using  Bel- 
letre  the  French  Commandant  at  the  same  time  with  much  disresjiect. 


TIE  or.ADWlN   MANUSCRHTS.  WP 

Tlinl  In  nbout  n  yonr  after  rondinc  in  i»aill(iil)ir  lind  boon  hoarod  to  com- 
jilitin  and  Ha.v  tlio  KuhIIhI)  W(Mo  liarH,  wliicl.  opinion  bocanu-  ho  {,'onoral, 
tlint  a  lonj;  litni'  bofoio  tlw.v  openly  declared  liieiiiselveH  in  arniH.  u  K'en- 
oral  diHconlent  was  anion^'st  all  the  NatlonB,  and  the  chief  complaint  <»n 
that  of  the  i»roliibiti(»n  of  riini  and  that  (he  EnKlish  took  wix  Raccoons 
for  a  Ht'aver,  when  the  Frencli  never  took  bnt  four,  with  many  other  com- 
plaintH  more  *riHinK  in  their  nahire,  such  aw  Annual  ('(m>,'reHHeB  pro- 
mised &c.,  so  that  on  the  whole  tliey  say  all  the  promises  (he  Knulish 
nuide  were  no  other  th.in  (o  blindfold  and  delude  (hem  for  which  they 
had  been  often  heard  to  say  th«'y  would  kill  all  the  liars  and  pive  their 

lands  to  their  Fathers. 

(Sigueil)  James  Grant. 

May  11,  1764. 

Mr.  Clairmont  told  Col.  Gladwin  in  the  presence  of  Capt.  Grunt  &  Lt. 
Hay.  That  the  Olh  day  of  May  170:?  (beinp  near  the  Mouth  of  the  River 
Huron  Mottiu}?  iimbei-  where  was  also  Mr.  Massac  and  many  other 
Frenchmen)  at  three  in  the  nuu-niu},'  some  Indians  canu'  by  there  with  a 
TJelt  invilinp  all  nations  of  Indians  they  met  to  fall  upon  the  Enplish, 
wherever  they  found  them.  That  they  sung  the  War  Sonf,'  in  Mr.  Mas- 
sac's hovise  or  C'abbin,  which  was  a  little  distance  from  his,  &  that  Mr. 
Massac  sun},'  with  them  &  when  he  struck  his  stroke  in  the  son};  he  struck 
with  a  little  loaf  of  Bread.  That  one  Dunoir  and  one  Campeau  was 
present.  That  they  also  said  the  first  Council  that  was  to  be  held  in  the 
Fort  would  be  to  murder  all  the  Kn},'lish.  That  about  ei},'ht  o'clock  the 
same  morninfi  Sir  Rot»ert  Davers  and  Lt.  Roldnson  came  there  in  a  Boat, 
to  whom  he  told  all  that  had  i)assed  and  desired  them  not  to  }j;o  forward 
but  ratlier  stay  wit'.i  him,  but  they  would  not  believe  anythin}!  he  said 
and  went  on.  That  ^Ir.  Massack  went  oil'  in  (he  woods  and  would  not  see 
Sr.  Robert.  That  about  ten  he  heard  the  report  of  some  },Mins  toward  tlu 
Lake  &  between  three  and  four  in  the  afternoon  the  Indians  came  back 
and  brou}?lit  their  scalps.  Massack  then  said  he  did  not  tl.ink  they  would 
have  killed  tlieni.  &  he  was'  sorry  for  his  fault.  Clermont  then  told  him 
it  was  necessary  somebody  sl\ould  }io  and  ac(|uaint  the  Commandant  of 
what  had  passed,  upon  which  Massac  desired  him  to  come  along,  but 
Clermont  then  asked  him  he  could  },'o  who  had  nobody  but  a  Child  to  take 
care  of  his  House,  and  you  have  four  or  live  nu'U.  I5ut  since  you  will  not 
go  without  mo  I  will  go  by  myself,  when  Massack  saw  that  he  went  off 
&  Clermont  imagined  came  to  inform  of  what  had  passiMl,  it  was  then 
about  tive  in  the  afternoon,  the  9th  May. 

On  Tuesday  the  nth  June,  1704,  Mr.  Jadeau  informed  me  in  the  pre- 
sence of  Col.  Gladwin  and  Lieut.  Hay  that  one  Lesperame.  a  Frenchman 
on  his  way  from  the  Illinois  he  saw  a  letter  with  the  Ottawas,  at  the 
Miamis  River,  he  is  sure  wrote  by  one  Baptist  Campeau  (a  deserter  from 


664 


THE  OI.Anwm  MANITSPRIPTS. 


th«'  wtllciiicnl  of  Detroit)  and  Hi^iird  hy  I'ondiiic,  tlic  Hiivnpt'  from  the 
FllinoiH  netting  fortli,  Tliiit  tlicrc  were  Five  liiindrcd  Kii^MhIi  coniini;  to 
the  IIliiioiH,  tV  tliat  tliry.  tlic  (MtawiiH  at  MiainiH,  iiniHt  liavc  patience  tiiat 
lie  rondiae  wan  not  to  teliii'n  nntil  lie  liad  dereated  tiie  Kn^lisli  tS;  tiien  lie 
would  come  vvilli  an  Army  from  the  IllinoiN  to  take  Detroit,  whicli  he 
dt'Hired  they  mifflit  piiMish  to  all  the  Nations  about.  That  I'oudar  and 
Ball  was  In  as  preat  plenty  an  wat»'r.  That  the  Frencli  Commissary  I,a 
ClelT  had  H(dd  about  Forty  Thousand  weight  of  I'owdar  to  the  Inhabi- 
tants, that  tile  Fujulisli.  if  they  nunc,  njight  not  get  it.  There  was 
another  letter  on  the  subject  sent  to  an  Inhabitant  of  Detroit,  but  can't 
tell  in  whose  hand  it  is.  .ladeau  further  said  that  Lesperame  told  him 
that  I'ondiac  on  his  way  to  the  llli.  \rr  .''M-iup,  at  Miaiuis,  found 

there  some  Knplish  Frisoners,  one  of  ,  !io!>i  ad  boat  a  Chief  of  that 
Place.  Tiiat  Fondiac  told  them  they  musi  uurn  him,  and  on  non-(Jom- 
pliance  he  threatened  to  destroy  their  Nation,  on  whicii  threat  that 
Prisoner  was  burned  and  another  shot. 

Signed,  James  Giunt. 


I 


I 


July  nth,  1764. 

This  day  a  small  parly  of  Fotawatamies  arrived  hero  who  informed 
that  an  Indian  was  come  from  the  Illinois  to  St.  Josephs  who  informed 
them  that  ho  was  in  Council  with  Fondiac  there.  That  Mr.  Deneyon 
told  him  ho  was  plad  to  see  him  iS:  hoped  that  his  sences  were  come  to 
him.  Fondiac  llien  took  a  larpo  Holt  and  laid  it  before  him  say  in},',  My 
Father,  the  reason  of  my  journey  is  to  pot  you  &  all  your  allies  to  join 
with  me  to  po  apainst  the  Knplish,  upon  which  Mr.  DoNoyon  took  the 
Holt  and  told  him.  Vour  sju'ech  much  surprises  mo  as  I  doubt  not  but 
you  have  roc'd  my  messapo,  wherein  I  informed  you,  the  French  and  Enp- 
lish  wore  but  one,  then  ri'turned  the  Holt.  Fondiac  then  took  the  Belt 
apaiii  and  imi)ortuned  Mr.  DeNoyon  several  times  on  the  same  subject,  at 
last  Mr.  DeNeyon  pi'ow  anpry  and  kicked  it  from  him,  askinp  liim  if  he 
had  not  alri-ady  beared  what  he  said  to  him.  Ho  then  addressed  him- 
self to  the  jlliuois  Indians  and  told  them,  they  suav  him  that  day  in  the 
Fort  but  povhaps  tliey  would  see  their  F.rothers  the  Knplisii  next,  and 
exhorted  them  i-)  live  in  amity  with  them,  whicli  ho  made  no  doubt  of  as 
their  sentiments  were  very  pood.  Fondiac  then  asked  for  Bum  Si,  De 
Neyon  pave  him  a  small  Harroll,  which  ho  took  to  one  of  the  Illinois  Vil- 
lapos,  and  with  a  Bed  Belt  exhorted  them  to  sinp  the  War  Soup  with 
him,  which  some  of  them  did,  but  wore  very  sorry  for  it  when  they  were 
sober.  The  Indian  tliat  brouplit  this  says  that  before  Jjo  left  the  Illinois 
he  saw  three  Knplish  oHicers,  who  were  sent  on  before,  the  Army  being 
but  a  little  way  behind  with  a  larpo  Body  of  Indians. 


^4»  - 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUHCUMTS. 


^65 


June  loth,  llHt, 
TIiIh  (lii.v  Tnitd,  ii  Wiiiiidoll  c'l>i<f  of  IIiIh  I'Ijic.',  iirrlvcd  Iktc  from  Han 
(IiihK.v  wliirc  lie  liiid  Itccu  lo  riiny  Sir  NViMiaiii  .lohnHon'H  Hpcccli,  wlio 
HiivH  that  after  he  dcliviTcd  it  ainl  Ii-fl  it  to  llicir  Dclihciafoii,  Tlic  (In-at 
("liicf  (Hijr  .law)  fxot  np  and  llianiicd  iiiiii  for  liic  tiduldc  lit'  had  hccii  at  to 
bring  it  and  iinint'diatciy  tiic  whoh-  went  ont.  After  he  had  dclivn'd 
llic  Hpi'cch  lie  HiijH  he  ndvlHcd  them  to  coiuc  to  thflr  hcuhch,  but  in  caHc 
they  did  not  it  was  tlicir  alTair.  l''ouf  (hiyH  after  they  eanie  back  and 
desired  Teala  to  conie  and  liear  'viial   lliey  liad  to  Ha\  in  answer.     'I'lie 

llrst  HeU  they  jjave  him  was  ..  repetition  of  Sir  WilliaiUH  Hp( li.     'i'lien 

they  loolc  allot iiei-.  Saying  Sr  William  asks  the  .-easoii  why  we  Htnick 
agaiiiN*  the  Ijiglish,  we  think  Xw  oiiglil  to  know  better  tliaii  anybody; 
yes  said  Iliey,  it  is  Sr  William  that  ought  lo  know,  but  since  the  SeneciiH 
luiv(»  made  Peace  with  him,  and  tiie  llnglish,  tell  him  it  was  tlioni  that 
just  embroiled  the  Karth  and  were  the  llrst  cause  of  what  has  been  done, 
(iavea  Melt.  They  then  took  another  Melt  and  said,  Sr.  \N  ""lliam  and  the 
Six  Nations  want  that  we  should  own  our  folly  and  find  words  to  excuse 
ourselves  that  we  may  l)e  again  set  right,  ^'oii'll  tell  him  by  this  lUdt 
which  you  are  charged  to  deliver  to  him  that  for  wlmt  is  past  in  past, 
that  we  have  yet  dtuie  no  harm  since  hist  summer,  we  have  kejit  our 
^(>ullg  Men  (iiiiet  for  which  reason  we  think  ilu'  Itreach  may  be  easily 
mended;  iiiid  tell  him  also  we  shall  keep  them  (iiiiet  this  summer  when 
we  think  we  shall  be  reconciled.  The  two  Mohawks  who  are  come  with 
Teata  say  that  they  were  told  by  the  Iliinuis  of  Sandusky  that  they 
would  not  tell  Teata  the  result  of  .i  (.'oiincil  tiny  had  had  with  the  Shaw- 
nees,  which  was  that  they  were  to  M  v  to  takt'  Fort  IMtt  by  Treaclicry, 
and  if  they  failed  there,  were  to  go  against  the  Inhal'i'.ants  (m  the  Fron- 
tier. One  of  them  further  says  that  before  lie  left  the  Dela wares  Towns 
he  saw  thirty  small  parties  go  out  who  were  all  intend  to  go  to  our  Fron- 
tiers. Tliey  botli  also  say  that  the  Ilurons  at  Sandusky  laughed  at  Teata 
behind  his  back  and  called  him  fool  for  I  elieving  what  Sir  William  said 
and  bringing  such  a  message.  That  tho  he  said  they  should  be  friends, 
it  can  never  be  unlill  all  the  Knglisli,  except  Trader;;.  •;o  from  this  Place, 
meaning  Detroit,  and  then  we  believe  we  shall  agree.  That  tlieir  (.Jod 
tells  them  they  must  make  War,  &  no  Peace  for  ten  years,  at  the  end  of 
which  by  tiie  force  of  treachery  during  that  time  all  the  English  will  be 
drove  away  &  then  they  will  have  lVa»»"  &  not  till  then.  That  the  Dela- 
wares  and  Shawnees  and  Ilinonn  of  I^idhIiikIci/  all  say  Hie  Knglisli  are 
fools,  that  they  can  make  friends  with  us  when  they  jdease  and  Toma- 
hawk us  the  next  day.  That  tiie  English  always  t(tld  them  they  had  as 
many  men  as  there  were  leaves  on  the  trees;  l»ut  we  look  upon  one  Indian 
as  good  as  a  thousand  of  them,  and  notwithstanding  we  are  but  mice  in 
eomT-arisou  to  them,  we  will  kick  as  much  as  they  can.  The  two 
84 


666 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


Tf 


Mohawks  further  saj'  that  tho  Hurons  at  Sandusky  told  them  they  were 
very  sorry  that  Sir  William  Johnson  was  coniinf^  here,  as  they  imagined 
by  that,  he  wanted  to  have  his  Bones  here.  They  also  say  that,  while  they 
were  at  the  Shawan  'y  Village,  the  French  from  the  Mississippi  sent 
Ihem  a  Present  of  Powder,  of  which  they  saw  three  Barrels.  That  the 
Onondagoes  whom  Sir  William  S(nt  against  the  Shawanies  came  to  one 
of  tiiese  Villages,  where  they  were  asked  what  they  came  for;  tliey  said 
we  come  to  scalp  you;  Then  one  Kaiiou!fhshoiito)u/  said,  here,  take  these, 
giving  them  two  old  scalps,  that  he  had  newly  painted,  go  home  and  tell 
Sir  William  you  have  scalped  two  Shawanese;  upon  which  they  returned, 
that  the  above  mentioned  Indian  was  the  cause  of  their  not  striking 
against  the  Shawanese.  But  it  was  not  so  with  the  Tuscororsco  for  they 
lost  tliree  men.  Mr.  St.  .  lartin,  Interpreter,  told  Col.  Gladwin  several 
Times,  that  the  Hurons  of  this  Place,  told  him,  that  if  Peace  was  made 
with  the  Delawares,  Shawanese  and  Hurons  of  Sandusky  that  it  would 
be  neither  good  nor  lasting. 

I  Henry  Bostwick,  Resident  at  the  Fort  of  Michilimackinac  tho  2d 
June  1763,  declare  that  I  saw  Mr.  Sans  Chagarine  of  the  Fort  of  Michili- 
mackinac standing  at  the  Door  of  His  House  at  the  Time  the  Indians 
were  murdering  the  Soldiers,  with  the  Door  open,  and  I  saw  a  soldier 
running  towards  the  House  for  Shelter  and  the  Indians  after  him,  but  as 
soon  as  he  came  near  the  Door,  they  shut  it  against  him,  which  gave  the 
Indians  time  to  strike  him  with  his  Hatchet;  upon  receiving  the  Blow  he 
foil  forward  with  so  much  force  against  the  Door  that  He  broke  it  open. 
I  then  went  into  my  Garret  and  hid  myself  under  some  Baggs  of  Corn 
and  soon  after  my  house  was  broke  open  and  they  began  to  plunder:  I 
saw  the  Pany  slave,  belongin  to  Arngott,  the  Smyth,  plundering  in  the 
Chamber  with  the  Rest.  After  the  affair  was  over  I  demanded  Argott  to 
return  me  what  his  slave  had  plundered  from  Me;  He  told  me  what  he 
had  got  was  safe,  but  he  would  not  then  return  them.  I  also  saw  in  my 
garret  th'^  son  of  Monsr  Cardin,  i.anied  Hancc.  taking  the  corn  oni  of  my 
Chamber  into  another  adjoining  his.  When  he  came  to  the  Corn  that 
covered  me,  i  directed  him  io  speak  to  the  Indians  to  save  my  life,  but  he 
called  to  one  of  them  and  made  a  motion  with  his  mouth  towards  me. 
On  seeing  myself  in  such  an  unliappy  situation  I  went  towards  an  Indian, 
that  I  knew,  and  put  myself  in  his  hands,  at  the  same  time  the  other 
Indians  made  a  stroke  at  my  head,  with  his  Hatchet,  which  I  fended  off 
with  my  arm,  and  the  Indian,  I  s])oke  to  to  protect  me,  saved  me  from  all 
other  attempts.  During  the  whole  time  the  Frenchman  came  not  to  my 
assistance.  I  was  not  in  many  of  their  Houses  after,  but  in  every  one 
where  I  irns,  I  saw  eitlicr  Goods  or  Peltry.  I  saw  in  the  House  of  Forti. 
the  Interpreter,  three  Packs,  which  belonged  to  me,  the  first  Day;  tho 
Day  following  I  saw  his  Servants  bringing  into  his  House  Corn,  Poik  and 


L 


THE  OLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


667 


otluT  tliiu},'s  wlikli  I  siii»poso(]  came  out  of  Uu;  Kiii<^'s  aloro,  as  it  was  at 
that  time  opened.  I  likewise  saw  Powder  broufjht  in  from  the  Maga- 
zines. At  Monsi-  langjjids,  Seiir,  I  saw  one  Paclv  wliicli  lu?  would  not 
give  me,  for  Fear  of  alfronling  the  Indians,  who  left  it  with  Ilini.  He 
told  me  he  had  traded  several  of  my  Packs  and  would  trade  all  that  eame 
in  his  w'»y,  as  it  was  no  matter  to  him  where  (hey  got  tiiem.  Aml)lin, 
likewise  told  me,  he  had  bouglit  very  cheap  of  the  Indians  some  of  my 
stockings,  and  other  Things.  I  l.dd  Him  I  would  be  glad  to  give  llim 
what  they  cost  hiu),  if  he  would  let  me  have  them  again,  because  I  had 
none  to  wear.  He  told  Me  he  got  them  for  His  own  Use  and  not  to  sell, 
and  that  He  wou'd  wear  fine  stockings  as  well  as  1,  and  I  heard  him  say 
that  every  person  got  something. 

Swoni  before  me  on  the  Holy  Kvaugelist  this  VMh  Day  of  Augt.  17(Jo, 
at  Montreal. 

Daniel  Disney, 

Town  Major. 

I  Edward  Chim  declare  that  en  the  10th  day  of  July,  17G3,  Joseph 
Tessuo  a  Person  employ'd  in  the  service  of  Howard,  Chim  &  IJostwick, 
came  to  me  and  demanded  to  be  released  from  his  service.  We  being 
much  in  want  of  Assistance  cou'd  not  comply  with  His  Request,  and  He 
went  immediately  and  took  away  a  pack  of  Peltry  and  never  came  near 
us  after. 

Sworn  before  me  on  the  Holy  Evangelist  this  13tb  Day  of  Augt.  17(!:{  at 
Montreal. 

Daniel  Disney, 

Town  Major. 


I  Ezekiel  Solomon,  Resident  in  the  Fort  of  Michilimackinac  at  the 
time  it  was  surprized  l>y  the  Savages,  declare  that  on  the  2d  day  of  June 
a  Frenchman,  Mens.  Cote,  entered  my  House  several  Times  and  earned 
from  thence  several  Parcels  of  Goods,  my  Property.  And  also  an 
Indian  named  Sanpear  carried  the  Peltry  from  my  House  to  the  House 
of  Aimable  Deniviere  in  whose  Garret  I  was  then  concealed.  I  owed 
Monsr  Ariek  a  sum  of  money,  but  at  the  time  He  demanded  it  the  pay- 
ment was  not  become  due,  and  I  refused  to  pay  Him  till  the  Time  I  had 
contracted  for;  but  he  told  me  if  I  did  not  pay  it  he  would  take  it  by 
force:  I  told  him,  the  Commanding  Officer  would  prevent  that,  &  he 
replyed  that  the  Commanding  Oflicei'  was  nothing,  and  that  he  Himself 
vt'as  Commanding  Officer.     Sworn,  &c.,  14th  Aug.,  17G3,  before  me. 

Danl  Disney, 

Town  Major. 


t.\\ 


iV 


668 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


U 


I  K/A'kii'l  Soloinon,  lli'sidont  in  Uic  Fort  of  ]\Iicliiliinackiuac  at  the 
limo  it  was  surprized  by  tlio  savages  declare  that  on  the  second  day  of 
•hine,  17(;;{,  a  Frenchman,  Monsieur  Cote,  t  ;tered  uiy  house  several  times 
and  carried  from  thence  several  parcels  of  Goods,  my  property.      * 

The  Deposition  of  Clarrit,  Koseboom,  Tunis,  Fischer,  Cummin,  Shields 
and  Wm.  Bruce,  Merch's  from  LaBay,  as  taken  upon  Oath  In-fore  a  Court 
of  Eu(iuiry  at  the  Detroit  the  4tli  day  of  July  17(;4. 

Capt.  Jan\es  CJrant,  '.'.Oth  llvg.,  President. 

Lieut,  (ieorge  McDouj-al,  GO  Kegt.  Lieut.  Kichard  \\illiams,  GOth  liegt. 

Members. 

(Jarrit  Koseboom  declares  that  about  the  latter  end  of  April,  17G3,  he 
was  going  from  the  Bay  to  the  Soaks  to  look  for  his  I'artnr  Abrahh 
Lancing  who  had  been  up  there,  being  told  that  he  was  killed,  that  on  his 
way  he  met  some  Indians  coming  down  with  some  Packs,  which  he  knew 
to  be  his,  and  which  they  said  he  might  have  for  paying  the  carriage; 
That  both  the  French  and  Indians  told  him,  Mr.  Lancing  and  ids  son 
were  killed  by  two  Frenchmen,  Tibot  &  Cardinal,  both  servts  of  Mr. 
Lancing,  who^  they  had  been  told,  upon  the  above  Murder  made  their 
escape  to  the  Illinois;  that  on  his  return  to  the  Bay  he  found  Mr.  Garrit 
and  the  Garrison  there,  and  came  with  tliem  to  Michilimackinac,  leaving 
his  goods  in  possession  of  one  Jordan,  a  Frenchman  and  an  Inhabitant 
at  the  Bay;    that   when    he   returned   from  Michilimackinac  with  the 
Indians  to  La  Bay,  he  found  some  of  his  goods  taken  away.     Ue  thinks 
of  his  and  Mr.  Fisher's  to  the  value  of  20  pounds,  wh.  lie  said  was  stolen 
by  the  Indians,  but  Mr.  Roseboom  declares  he  saw  his  goods  wore  by 
Jordan's  Family  afterwards.     That  the  Indians  had  often  told  him  that 
the  French  at  the  Bay  (in   particular  Goalie,  the   Interpreter,  to   ilr. 
Garrit,  and  Langlad  his  Son  in  Law  Sourini)  had  told  than  there  was  an 
open  war  between  the  English  and  French;  That  the  French  would  send 
the  Indians  ammunition  enough  &  if  they  went  down  amongst  the  Eng- 
lish they  would  put  poison  in  their  Rum,  which  he  was  sure  prevented 
the  Indians  from  coming  down  aiuch  sooner,  and  declares  from  the  treat- 
ment lie  and  the  rest  of  the  English  Traders  received,  and  the  lyes  pro- 
pogated  by  the  French  at  LaBay,  among  the  Indians,  such  as  the  English 
being  all  killed,  an  open  war  with  the  Frenc)\,  the  French  Fleets  and 
Armies  being  at  Quebec  and  the  Mississippi,  he  thinks  these  Inhabitants 
were  very  bad  subjects,  except  one  Ducharm,  a  Montreal  Merchant,  who 
had  come  there  last  Fall,  and  who  treated  him  very  well,  and  to  his 
knowledge  had  often  endeavored  to  persuade  the  Indians,  not  to  believe 
all  that  was  told  them— that  it  was  all  a  Lye.     W  Tuenis  Fisher,  being 
in  Compy  with  tlie  aforesaid  Deponant  at  La  Bay,  declares  that  the 
Deposition  above  ^-onsists  literally,  with  his  knowledge,  therefore  con- 
firms the  Truth  t'  .reof;  Mr.  Cummin  Shields  declares  that  he,  being  at 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS, 


669 


La  JJay  nil  last  winter,  fi-o(]iiontly  heard  (understanding  the  Trench  hin- 
guage)  the  Lyes  ])r(»i»(><;aled  to  disturb  tlie  Indians,  as  already  deelared 
by  Kosebooni  and  Fisher,  and  further  that  he  heard  Y(»un}'-  Lan}j;lad  say 
bel'ure  him  and  l)e  Chann.  that  there  were  lOOO  Kuf-lisli  killed  at  the 
rorta}:;e  of  Niajiara,  501)  Inhabitants  on  the  baek  Sottlenienls  killed,  and 
that  some  (Joveruor,  he  does  not  remember  who,  had  been  so  hard  pushed 
by  the  Kavaj^es  that  he  had  };ot  shipijinj,'  ready  to  carry  him  and  his 
People  away,  and  abandon  his  province;  that  the  Dauphin  of  Franco 
belnji;  displeased  with  the  I'eace  concluded  by  his  Father,  had  arrived  in 
the  Mississippi  with  a  larfj;e  Fleet,  and  that  the  Indians  would  be  sup- 
plied from  that  (luarter  with  all  necessaries  that  they  would  want:    All 
this  lie  declared  to  have  read  in  a  news  paper  which  came  up  to  the 
Priest.     That  a  Frenchman  named  Knash  Bray,  who   lived  wit..  De 
Charm  told  him,  the  I)ei)onant,  that  he  beared  Sourini  say  to  DeCharm 
he  would  give  20  packs  if  there  never  should  another  Englishman  come 
there.     William  Hruce  declares  tliat  in  the  Spring  lT(t;5  hearing  Michili- 
mackinac  was  taken,  he  came  down  from  the  Hay  and  left  his  goods  in 
the  care  of  one  LeDeuke,  a  Frenchman;  that  when  he  returned  he  found 
they  were  all  taken  away.     LeDeuke  said  by  the  Indians.     That  t,he 
Indians  who  were  with  him  at  Michilimackinac  asked  the  two  chiefs  who 
were  left  there,  how  they  could  permit  their  young  men  to  do  this;  that 
they  said  that  LeDeuke  had  rol>bed  the  goods  himself  and  desired  that 
they  (the  Indians)  shou'd  take  them  as  the  English  at  Michilimackinac 
were  all  killed,  other  Indians  wou'd  come  and  lake  them,  that  it  was  well 
they  might  have  them;  That  he  did  not  after  find  any  of  his  Goods  in 
I'ossession  of  LeDeuke,  but  that  he  carried  on  a  Trade  with  the  Indians 
all  Winter,  and  to  his  knowledge  he  had  no  (Jooda  before  he  the  Depo- 
nant,  was  pillaged,  which  the  other  opponents  atlirm,  nor  any  method, 
which  they  could  see,  by  which  they  might  come  at  goods,  except  by  pil- 
laging; That  in  Septembr  1703,  there  was  a  letter  sent  up  to  LaBay  from 
the  Priest  at  Michilimackinac  by  one  Mastoc,  that  there  had  been  400 
English  and  the  General  "\vho  came  with  them  killed  at  Detroit,  this 
letter  was  directed  to  old  Langlad,  who  he,  the  Deponaut  siiw  read  the 
letter  to  the  Indians.     That  about  the  latter  end  of  Sept  a  Chief  of  the 
Soaks  had  brought  iiim  up    called  Lewis  Constance  &  at  the  Benards 
Castle,  i(n  Indian,  told  him  he  was  come  from  LaBay  with  u  letter  from 
Gaolie,  the  Interpreter,  to  one  LeBeace,  telling  him  that  there  were 
ollicers  from  France  who  had  come  with  a  large  Fleet  comnuinded  by  the 
Dauphin,  &c,  and  that  the  (Joveruor  of  (Quebec  had  olVered  these  officers 
a  Purse  of  Money  for  their  News,  that  soon  after  the  Fleet  was  seen,  and 
that  Quebec  and  Montreal  would  soon  be  taken,  being  no  more  than  500 
men  in  Each,  which  news  immediately  spread  among  the  Indians,  who 
were  there  at  the  time  in  great  numbers;  that  the  Santows,  Ottawas, 


i   I 


III 


\r  '. 


670 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


Pi 


Ilt'iuii'ds  and  I'nonfs  gavi'  a  Good  Deal  of  Crt'dit  to  it  having  a  few  days 
befo'.e  received  a  IJelt  from  the  Indians  about  Detroit  to  come  to  War 
against  the  English  but  that  the  Soaks  and  tlie  Folleasoines  could  not 
believe  it;Tliat  at  the  ►-oaks  Castle  the  Indians  told  him,  the  Deponaut, 
the  French  there  intended  to  kill  him,  on  which  Ihey  called  a  council  and 
brought  the  French  to  it,  and  told  them  if  they  killed  the  Englishman 
every  Frenchman  should  die  with  Him,  this  had  been  told  him  by  the 
Indians  to  whom  the  French  had  discovered  their  intentions;  the  Names 
of  the  French  on  the  above  Voyage  uj)  the  Tovis  (Constance  were,  Martoc, 
Jordan  &  Sabeau,  Rivier  St.  Pier,  Mon.  Fontasil,  ITavness,  Lafortain,  the 
tliree  tlrst  discovering  all  the  niarivs  of  bad  subjects  and  disaffection  to 
the  English  in  their  whole  behaviour;  That  he  hear'd  St.  Pier  say  that 
if  he  had  wrote  such  a  letter  as  the  Interpreter  wrote  to  Sabeau,  he 
wo'd  expect  to  be  hanged  if  ever  he  went  among  the  English;  That  St. 
Tier,  Rivier,  and  Fontasie  did  all  tliey  could  to  prevent  the  Indians  from 
believing  the  letter  above,  that  in  the  opening  the  Mississippi  River  his 
Chief  asked  the  Deponant  if  these  Lands  did  belong  to  the  English;  he 
said  they  did,  but  LaBeau  immediately  contradicted  him  and  said  it  was 
a  Lye,  and  that  all  was  false  that  the  English  ollicers  had  told  him,  the 
Chief,  in  saying  it  was  Peace  between  the  English  &  French.  There  was 
no  such  thing,  and  repeated  the  contents  of  Goalie's  Letter  to  the  Indians. 
That  when  they  had  come  down  the  Mississippi  River  about  ten  days  the 
Indians  told  him  that  St.  Pier  and  the  other  French  there  had  sent  a 
Petition  to  the  Commandant  of  the  Illinois,  the  Contents  of  wh.  he  cou'd 
not  justly  tell,  but  he  was  informed  it  began  in  acquainting  them,  they 
iiad  killed  the  English  at  Michilimackinac  and  had  not  forgot  their  old 
Fathers,  that  one  Bonfoi  was  bearer  of  said  Petition,  that  he  was  happy 
in  being  told  on  the  return  to  the  I'etitiou  the  Commdt  had  ordered  them 
to  leave  off,  &  not  to  kill  any  English,  that  in  killing  them  they  killed  the 
French,  they  being  one  people.  That  the  Peuse,  Reynards  &  Soaks  wrote 
down  this  Spring  with  the  other  Nations  to  Montreal  for  goods  but  were 
prevented  by  one  Le^'orn  who  came  from  the  Illinois,  and  told  them  if 
they  went  down  the  English  would  hang  them,  and  cut  off  their  heads; 
That  they  had  Plenty  of  Goods  at  the  Illinois  wh.  he  would  bring  them; 
That  he  and  other  Frenchmen  went  off  to  Illinois  for  said  Goods  wh. 
hindered  said  Indians  from  bringing  down  their  Peltry.  That  Goalie 
had  told  the  Indians,  that  the  Genl.  had  sd  he  cou'd  hang  Capt.  Ethring- 
ton  if  he  had  a  mind,  but  he  would  send  him  to  His  Majesty, 

James  Grant, 
George  McDougal, 
Eigh'd  Williams. 


^^^.. 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRD'TS. 


671 


COPY  OF  A  SPEECH    SENT    BY   THE   SHAWANE8B,  DATED    LOWER   8HAWANY  TOWN. 

JUNE  lil,  1781. 

Friends  and  Brothers: 

We  the  Shawanose  never  intend  to  be  at  Variance  wtli  our  Brs  the 
English,  Tliat  It  is  altogether  \r  own  Faults,  formerly  when  a  Number  of 
our  Nations  was  going  to  War  agt  our  Enemies  the  Catabas  and  was 
oblig'd  to  travel  through  your  Country,  tlien  you  laid  Violence  on  some 
of  our  Warriors  &  killed  them,  brethren,  you  have  this  ^Var,  asked  for 
a  Peace,  but  don't  blame  us,  but  yourselves  for  our  prosecuting  the  war 
againfit  you  as  we  have  done. 

Brethren  now  be  strong  and  let  j-our  hearts  be  good  as  ours  the 
Sliawanese  are  and  let  you  and  us  unanimously  to  agree  in  Cultivating  a 
lasting  Peace  with  each  other,  and  in  order  to  confirm  that  Friendship, 
you  must  erect  no  more  Forts  on  our  Ground.  Brs  when  ye  went  to  take 
Possession  of  Fort  Detroit,  we  cautioned  you  against  it;  we  told  you  the 
Indians  inhabiting  Ihat  part  of  the  Country  were  not  well,  but  ill  dis- 
posed tow'ards  you,  which  you  have  since  found  to  be  true.  Yr  first  work 
when  you  arrived  there  was  to  build  a  Fort;  this  none  of  us  liked,  and 
that  was  one  Chief  Keasou  for  our  entering  into  a  War  against  you,  as 
we  had  suilicient  reason  to  think  you  intended  taking  our  country  from 
Us. 

Brothers,  now  be  strong  and  let  us  think  of  making  a  firm  and  lasting 
Peace  with  each  other;  We  your  Fri(Mids,  the  Shawauese,  will  help  you 
all  in  (1  power,  the  Delawares,  Six  Nations  &  Wyandotts  will  join  us  in 
so  goOi.  u  work.  Brethren,  we  must  again  excuse  ourselves  for  enter- 
ing int^,  this  present  War  and  look  upon  ourselves  as  blameless  for  it  is 
done.  We,  and  the  Delawares,  Six  Nations  &  W'yandotts  ar(>  heartily 
sorry  for  it,  and  think  it  a  Pity  to  prosecute  it,  any  further,  as  we  think 
our  Numbers  full  able  to  oi>pose  tliose  of  the  English:  At  ihe  beginning 
of  the  War  We  the  Shaw;anese  wei-e  well  disposed  towards  you,  our 
hearts  were  good  and  are  so  still,  and  hope  our  Brs  the  English  are  the 
same.  ^^  wth  the  Six  Nations  &  Wyandotts  have  no  bad  tlioughts 
within  Us  &  seem  well  inclined  to  renew  our  au<'ient  Friendship  wth  our 
Brs  the  English.  Last  Summer  we  went  wth  tiie  Delawares,  Six  Nations 
&  Wyandots  to  Fort  I'itt,  wth  a  full  intent  to  accomodate  Matters,  but 
as  we  approached  tliat  Ciarrison  We  were  fired  upon  wth  their  Cannon, 
\vh  obliged  us  to  retire  without  talking  to  our  Brs,  and  our  Foolish  Young 
^len  remained  there  to  fight  against  the  Fort.  Brs  We  have  collected 
now  everything  we  have  to  inform  you  of  at  ihis  Time.  When  our  Friend 
Mr.  Smallman  was  given  to  us  by  anotlier  Nation,  we  thougiit  then  he 
might  be  a  useful  person  when  we  should  come  on  Speaking  t'.'rms,  to 


672 


THE  GLADWIN  MANbSCRIPTS. 


transart  HiisincsR  lu-lwccn  Us;  we  are  now  Bonding  him  to  perform  tliat 
Duty  with  a  proper  interpreter  &  a  Copy  of  tlie  Letter  &  malce  no  doubt 
if  our  Brothers  \\ill  again  take  Us  into  Favour  but  they  will  not  detain 
him. 

SPEECH  OF  THE  81X  NATIONS.  JUNE  24,   176J. 

Wo  having  lliis  day  met  in  Connoil  &  having  wciglied  talked  Matters 
over,e<»iu'lnde  we  are  not  in  tlie  fault  for  entering  into  aWar  agtYou ;  but 
that  you  are  entirely  to  blame.  We  told  you.  our  Brs,  when  you  went  to 
take  Posts  on  the  Lake,  that  it  was  a  dangerous  undertaking,  which  you 
have  since  experienced  &  found  to  be  true.  We  know  very  well  you  blame 
us  for  wt  is  past,but  if  you  consider  things rightly&do  us  justice  youmust 
needs  think  the  Fault  lies  among  yourselves;  the  Indians  inhabiting  all 
this  large  country  were  greatly  dissatislied,  having  repeatedly  told  Sr 
Wm.  Johnson  1o  withdraw  his  men  and  demolish  the  fortifications, 
erected  on  our  (J round.  When  wo  saw  all  other  Nations  rising  to  defend 
thomsolves  and  their  Country,  We  thonght  it  exi)edient  and  our  interest 
to  join  them,  of  which  you  had  timely  notice.  When  you  saw  this,  that 
yr  Brethren  the  Six  Nations  had  taken  up  Arms  against  yon.  then  you 
solicited  for  a  Peace,  wh.  Sr.  Wm.  Johnson  has  been  successful  in  obtain- 
ing, now  that  we  see  yon  inclinable  to  a  Peace  wth  us  as  Yr  Brethren, 
the  Six  Nations  gives  us  groat  Pleasure  as  we  find  ourselves  well  dis- 
l)Osed  to  enter  into  our  former  Love  &  Friendship  wth  you.  You  told  us 
to  be  strong,  &  that  you  would  be  in  good  understanding  with  us,  wh 
pleases  much  all  the  neighboring  Nations  of  Indians  this  Way,  you  have 
told  us  to  be  strong  &  the  Peace  lasting;  &  if  the  Shawanese  &  Delawares 
wd  accept  of  the  same  they  slid  have  it.  They  now  agree  to  it  and  hope 
'tis  good  on  your  parts  as  'tis  on  Theirs,  &  within  their  Hearts  that  the 
Brethren,  the  English,  have  no  mind  any  to  deceive  them.  Therefore 
Brethren  be  ye  strong  also  and  let  this  Peace  be  a  desirable  one.  Shoiild 
you  first  violate  it  there  is  a  Good  and  a  ....  bear  Witness  to  it 
&  punish  you  should  you  prove  faithless.  We  do  not,  Brs,  only  talk  for 
ourselves,  but  also  for  the  Shawanese  and  Delawares  &  Wyandots,  wlio 
think  as  We  do,  tliat  you  should  do  this  in  yr  Hearts,  as  they  &  We  will 
observe  on  our  Parts:  the  I'eace  that  shall  now  bo  made  shall  never  be 
broken  on  either  side,  then  let  us  both  Parties  be  strong  and  think  of 
nothing  but  what  is  good. 

Brothers,  think  maturely  upon  this;  do  not  imagine  that  what  is  inti- 
mated comes  from  the  mouth  only.  Tis  with  all  Truth  &  Sincerity  from 
the  Heart;  besid(>s,  we  speak  for  all  Indians  in  this  Counlry,  &  are  taking 
great  pains  lo  communicate  this  Good  Work  to  all  the  Western  Nations. 


W^ 


THE  g;  vdvvin  manuscripts. 


673 


AMHERST   TO  GLADWIN. 

NeiD  York,  21st  March,  1762. 
Sir:  Your  letter  of  the  24tb  and  25tb  February,  Containing  Some  fur- 
tlier  Discoveries  You  liad  made  concerning  the  Indian  plot,  came  to  my 
hands  last  Night. 

You  will  see  by  mine  of  the  17th  instant,  in  Answer  to  yours  of  the  4th 
ultimo,  that  I  could  not  give  credit  to  the  Indian's  intelligence;  and  I 
85 


MONCKTON   TO   GLADWIN. 

,  Fort  Pitt,  July  26,  1760. 

Sir:  This  will  be  delivered  you  by  Colonel  IJouquct^^Who  has  the  com 
mand  of  a  detachment,  consisting  of  400  men  of  the  Ist  IJatn  R.  A.  H., 
under  Majr  Walters,  for  the  relief  of  Niagra,  and  of  100  Virginians  to 
take  Tost  at  l*res(iue  Isle. 

By  a  copy  of  Genl.  Amherst's  letter  to  you,  I  find,  sir,  that  immediately 
upon  the  arrival  of  the  Americans  at  l'res<iuv-  Isle,  you  are  to  embark  and 
transport  them  across  tlie  Lake.  But  as  I  have  not  as  yet  been  able  to 
get  up  any  of  the  Pensilvaniae  I'rovincials,  in  time  to  marcli  with  this 
detachment;  (though  I  expect  some  in  this  day)  and  the  100  Virginians 
may  not  be  sufficient  to  keep  that  Post,  till  the  arrival  of  the  Pensil- 
vanians,  (which  I  am  hopeful  will  be  at  Presque  Isle  in  two  days  after 
this  detachment  as  I  sliall  send  them  ol!  immediately)  I  should  be  glad, 
if  it  would  be  of  no  detriment  to  the  service,  that  150  or  less,  of  the 
Americi  ns,  or  of  your  own  detachment,  might  be  left — I  think  for  two 
days  almost— till  the  arrival  of  the  reinforcement.  The  more  so  as  I 
suppose  they  will  be  able  to  join  you,  before  you  can  get  your  whale 
boats  back  across  the  carrying  place.  This  you  will  consult  upon  with 
Colonel  Bouquet,  who  is  to  fix  that  Post.  Besides,  sir,  tlie  bo-ts  that 
will  take  them  after  you,  may  be  those  you  are  directed  to  lea  •  uy  the 
tJenls  instructions  to  you,  for  keeping  up  the  communication  between 
Niagra  and  Presque  Isle. 

I  should  be  glad,  sir,  of  your  remarks  on  the  distance  of  your  crossing 
the  Lake,  of  any  harbours  or  creeks,  you  may  have  put  into,  and  of  the 
shore;  likewise  of  the  situation  of  the  ground  where  the  French  store 
stood,  below  the  Falls. 
I  am, 

Sir, 

Your  most  obedient 

&  Hum.  Servt., 

ROBT.   MONOKTON". 

Major  Gladwin,  of  the  80th  Regt. 


iBi 


674 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


must  conft'HS  I  nm  still  of  the  same  way  of  thinki'^jf,  and  iiqagine  the 
whole  will  appear  to  have  aiiseu  from  Some  Drunkenness  among  them- 
selves. 

I  However  apitrove  of  your  usinp  all  the  means  in  Your  power  to  Come 
at  the  Truth  of  this  AlTair;  and  of  Your  Keimrting  everything  you  learn 
to  Governor  (Jage,  w  ho,  I  am  persuaded,  will  be  able  to  Discover  if  there 
is  any  foundation  for  the  accusation  of  the  People  of  Montreal. 
I  am, 

Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

Jeff.  Amherst. 


?..( 


'.   'or  Gladwin;  or  officer  Commandg  at  Fort  Wm.  Augustus. 


AMHERST   TO  GLADWIN. 


ji. 


^^x 


r  From  the  oriHioal  warrant,  now  in  poaseesion  of  Rev.  Henry  Qladwya  Jebb,  of  Firbeok  Hall,  Rother- 

ham,  England.) 

By  His  Excellency  Sir  Jeffery  Amherst,  Knight  of  the  Honorable 
Order  of  the  Bath,  Major  General,  and  Commander  in  Chief  of  all  His 
Majesty's  Forces  in  North  America,  &c.,  &c.,  &c., 

To  Major  Henry  Gladwin,  Or  Officer  Commanding  His  Majesty's 
Forces  at  the  Detroit,  &  its  Dependencies. 

Whereas  it  has  been  Reported  to  me,  that  a  Cruel  &  Inhuman  MuMer 
was  lately  committed  on  the  Body  of  Mr.  John  Clapham,  on  the  route 
from  the  Detroit  to  rresqu'  Isle,  Supposed  to  be  Done  by  Two  Panis 
Slaves,  now  in  custody  at  your  Post,  and  Assisted  by  some  Indians;  And 
Whereas  I  Judge  it  absolutely  Necessary  that  the  Perpetrators,  &  Abet- 
tors, of  that  Horrid  Crime,  should  be  Brought  to  Condign  Punishment; 
I  Do,  by  Virtue  of  the  Power  and  Authority  to  me  given  &  granted  by 
His  ftlajesty,  Authorise  &  Require  Y'ou  to  Collect  as  many  of  the  OiBcers 
belonging  to  His  Majesty's  Troops  as  you  conveniently  can,  who  are 
Hereby  Empowered  to  Hoar  &  Examine,  by  Oath,  or  Otherwise,  «11  such 
Evidences  as  can  be  found,  for  or  against  the  Two  Panis  Slaves,  Confined 
for  the  ^Murder  aforesaid,  or  any  other  Person,  or  Persons,  whether 
Indian,  or  White,  that  are  anyway  Suspected  of  having  been  concerned 
in  that  Inhuman  Act;  And  according  to  the  Opinion  given  by  the  Major- 
ity of  the  Court,  after  hearing  the  Information  or  Evidence,  given  for  & 
against  the  Prisoners,  Y'ou  will  give  immediate  Directions,  for  putting 
the  Sentence,  or  Sentences,  into  Execution,  Even  if  they  should  Extend 
to  Death,  provided  You  think  proper  to -approve  of  the  Same;  And  You 
are  furtlier  Required  to  See  that  the  said  Sentence,  or  Sentences,  are 
Executed  in  the  most  Exemplary  &  publick  manner,  that  thereby  Others 
may  be  Deterred  from  Committing  such  Cruelties  for  the  Future;  And 


^i 


T 


THE  OLAinVIN   MANl^SORH'TS. 


(ITS 


for  Your  so  doiii},',  lliis  slinll  be  1o  V<»ii,  and  :iH  PcrHoiis  (Nniccnicd,  a  Siil" 
ticifiit  Warrant  &  Authority. 

(iivL'U  undrr  my  Hani  &.  Seal  at    Ilea  '  <',arf('rM,  in  New  Yorl;,  this 
15th  Day  of  Scploniber,  17(52. 


By  Hie  Excellency's  Command, 

AiiTium  Maib. 


Tefp.  Amhetirt.    [seal.] 


LETTEU   FROM   SIR  JEFFEBY  AMIIEUST  TO  THE   HEORETARY   AT   WAR. 

New  York,  17  Sept.,  1763. 

Sir:  As  there  1  "e  been  two  Deputy  Adju'tants  general  serving  here, 
I  have  taken  tlu  iil  y  to  show  a  mark  of  uiy  entire  satisfaction  of 
Major  Gladwir  gor  onduct,  and  eonnnendable  behaviour,  in  appoint- 
ing him  a  D.  .  .•!.:  Gei'eral;  but  to  remain  wiih  llie  troops  at  the  Detroit 
in  the  same  ..a  jUv  as  has  been  ordered:  tliis  is  no  more  than  a  name, 
but  it  shoull  b<  .  .  .  gracious  pleasure  to  approve  it,  and  honor 
Major  UlaJ  in  with  the  rank  of  Lieut.  Colonel,  I  am  flrmly  of  opinion 
that  the  pro  /s  on  of  so  deserving  au  ollicer  must  at  any  time  be  a  bene- 
fit to  his  Majesty's  service,  and  it  is  the  sole  view  I  have  in  mentioning 
it  to  you. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  the  most  perfect  regard. 

Sir, 

Ye  •       '       "      . 

Jeff:  Amhebst. 

Right  Honorable  McElHs. 


And 


GLADWIN   TO   AMHERST. 
[  OrigiDal  draft  of  letter  in  Oladwin's  handwriting.] 

f  Detroit,  November  1,  1763. 

Sir:  On  the  12th  Oct.  the  enemy  sued  for  peace  in  a  very  submissive 
uiauner.  At  that  time  I  was  so  circumstanced  for  want  of  flour  that  I 
must  either  pass  or  hear  them.  Of  the  two  I  chose  the  latter,  thinking  it 
of  the  utmost  consequence  to  keep  jiossession  of  the  country.  Neverthe- 
less, I  nuide  them  no  promises.  I  told  them  the  affair  of  peace  lay  wholly 
in  your  breast,  but  I  did  uot  doubt  when  you  was  thoroughly  convinced 
of  tlieir  sincerity  everything  would  be  well  again;  upon  which  hostility 
ceased  and  they  disbursed  to  their  hunting  grounds.  This  gave  me  an 
opportunity  of  getting  flour  from  the  country  to  serve  from  hand  to 
mouth. 


iii_t   ti-rfji  »rii 


' 


I: 


IT 

■,■" 


J- 


L 


076 


THE  (JLADWIN  MANUHCUIl'TS. 


VcHfcrdiiy  M(»iiHH'Ui' Dc  Qiilinlic.  n  V(»lmit»'('i',  nrHvcd  willi  (lispiift'licH 
I'l'diii  llic  ('<»iiiiii;iiHljilit  (if  till'  Illinois,  collies  ol'  wliicli  I  oiicictHc  to  .voii. 
Tlu'  tenor  of  tliiit  of  rontliiie  is  sonietliin},'  exliiioidiniiry.  The  Indiiins  ;nc 
lirepjirinjij  for  jieiice.     I  enclose  you  luy  iinswer  to  their  (leniands. 

I  believe  iis  lliinjis  iiic  circnnistiinced  it  would  l)e  for  llie  f^ood  of  Ills 
.Majesty's  seiviints  to  acconiniodiite  matters  in  Sprinjj  15y  that  time  tin- 
sava|,'es  will  be  Hnllicieiitly  reduced  for  want  of  powdei,  and  I  do  not 
imagine'  tliere  will  be  amy  danger  of  their  breaking  out  apain,  provided 
sonu'  examples  are  made  of  Iheir  },'ood  subjecth,  the  French,  who  set  them 
on.  No  ndvautafjes  can  be  gained  by  prosetulinR  the  war,  owing  to  the 
diniculty  <•!'  catching  Ihem.  Add  to  this  the  exjiense  of  such  a  war, 
which  if  continued  the  entire  ruin  of  our  pidtry  trade  must  follow,  and 
the  loss  of  n  i»rodig\ious  consumjjtion  of  our  mercluindise.  It  will  be  the 
nu-ans  of  their  retiring,  which  will  reinforce  other  nations  on  tlie  Missis- 
sippi, whom  they  will  pusli  against  us,  and  make  them  our  enemies  for- 
ever. Consequently  they  will  render  it  exticmely  difticult,  if  net  Impos- 
sible, for  us  to  pass  that  count I'y.  And  especijilly  the  French  liave  pi'o- 
mised  to  supply  them  with  everything  fliey  want. 

They  have  lost  between  eighty  and  ninety  of  their  best  warriors,  but  if 
your  Kxcelleucy  still  intends  to  punish  them  further  for  tlieir  barbarities, 
it  uuiy  be  easily  done,  without  any  expense  to  the  Crown,  by  ])erniitting 
a  free  sale  of  rum,  which  will  destroy  them  iiutre  elTectually  than  lire  and 
sword,  but  on  the  contrary,  if  you  intend  to  accomodate  matterhf  in 
S])ring,  w  hich  I  lu»i)e  you  will  for  the  above  reasons,  it  may  be  necessary 
to  send  up  Sir  William  Johnson. 

1  shall  write  your  Excellency  fully  concerning  everything  in  this 
d('i>artment  by  Lieutenant  Montressor.  This  conu-s  by  Aren,  a  Mohawk, 
whom  I  shall  direct  to  wait  at  Fort  Pitt  for  your  answer. 

This  moment  I  received  a  nu'ssage  from  Fondiac,  telling  me  that  he 
siiould  send  to  all  the  nations  concerned  in  tlie  war  to  bury  Ihe  hatchet, 
and  he  liopes  your  Excellency  will  forget  what  is  passed.  If  not,  I  believe 
he  will  retire  to  the  Mississijtpi. 

In  a  few  days  I  shall  send  a  dujilicate  of  this  by  Andrew,  a  faithful 
Huron.  lie  has  a  great  deal  to  say  witli  the  Delawares.  lie  will  try  to 
make  nuittei's  easy  that  way.  I  shall  direct  him  to  assure  them  of  a 
])eace  provided  they  renuiin  quiet  during  the  winter,  which  may  perhaps 
ease  our  frontiers  of  those  villains,  and  in  S])ring  your  Excellency  can  do 
as  you  i)lease  with  them. 

No  news  of  the  troojts  no  •  of  the  vessel  which  sailed  from  hence  the  7th 
of  last  ^lonth.  If  the  troo^)S  do  not  come  very  soon  they  will  scarcely 
have  time  to  return  to  Xiagai'a,  but  I  hope  they  win  come  time  enough 
to  desti-oy  that  nest  of  tliirv<'s  at  Sandusky.  \Vlien  things  are  accoiMino- 
dated,  if  your  excellency  aillows  an  exclusive  trade  for  a  year  or  two  to 


^t2<ro!^/'^ 


II 

j'i 

l> 


r 


I'l 
I 


ii 


I'i 


TIIK  (M.ADWIN   MANrrSCHII'TS. 


fW 


(hf  iiH  rcliiiiilH  wlin  li;i\('  siill'iitti  sn  iiiiirli  liy  llii.M  iiiihii  |i|i.v  jill'iiir.  Ilicy 
will  III-  :iiii|il,v  piiiil  I'lii'  llii'if  liisH. 

I  liiiNc  Ihc  liiiiiiir  In  iir.  Willi  llif  iiliiinsi  ichimtI,  Sir, 

^'^lll^  IIIIihI    <llh(!!('ll(,   llllllllllc  SrIVlllll, 

Kliilni'fi'd  : 

Tod  •  icial  Aiiili-i>l,  Ni.voiiiIh'i-  I,  17(VI, 


CO!-.   OLAIiWIN    TO   OKN,   (1\(1E. 
I  Crtmi  (Jiailwln'i  draft  (T  thn  lottar,  written  at  HtabblDK,  Kiitdanil,  I 

Fchruarti,  L'l,  1774. 

hiiii'  Sir:   Voiir  iikihI  ul)li;;iii;r  Iciln-  ol'  llu-  Dili  iiisliinf  did  not  coiiit'  (o 

liiiiid  nil  lw(»  diiys  iiyo.     'I'll  •  fdvcr  \v;is  vcr.v  diilv  iiiid  wor t,  IIicit 

foic  I  cniiciiidc  Ihiil  fillii'i  vi,.  !•  scivjiiit  or  iiiiiic  l>_v  iiiisliikc  liiid  kcpl  il 
ill  Ills  pdcKcl  liirn  week,  F  wrolc  In  Mc.vrick  .vcnlt'i'diiy  to  send  mv  down 
;i  Iclh'f  of  Jilloi-ticy,  and  dcsirt-d  liiiii  tli;il  if  lie  riicl  with  iiny  dininiilics 
loiipply  loyoii.iiol  douhliiif,' yoiir^oodoHiccH.  I  iiiii  proix-  lo  tiiiink  yoii  for 
your  frii-ridly  iind  f,'<'<»l  ndvlNc.and  I  bcf-in  to  think  Ijiin  iiHbiidii  politi(i;iii 
iisii  coiii-lii'i'.  To  ;iivc  yoii  nil  iiisljimc  of  Ihc  fuiiiicr  Jjill.T.  When  I  wiis 
pr.'scnicd  to  llu-  kin;;-  lo  Ihiiiik  iiiiii  for  tiir  rniik  lie  ;;iivf  iiii',  I  wiis  nskrd 
how  lonjj  I  h.id  been  in  lown.  I  replied,  "liiree  weekn."  (;eor},'e  Wert, 
wlio  stood  Jit  niy  elbow,  told  iiie  I  slioiild  liiive  Hiiid  just  iii'rived,  hiil  iis  I 
went  to  Court  only  upon  that  oceiMion,  jind  thought  it  prohable  tliiil  I 
should  never  ;;o  there  aoaiii.  I  conceived  llicic  was  no  liaiiii  in  speakjn;;- 
Ihelriilh. 

In  regard  to  niy  politics  you  find  me  jusi  as  I  left  yon  in  Anierica. 
wliicli  niay  siillice  to  show  you  that  I  am  not  calculated  to  push  myself  in 
the  world.  I'.esides  I  am  now  engaged  in  anolher  scene,  being  very  liajipy 
in  a  good  .  ,  .  wife  and  two  little  children,  upon  a  small  pah-riial 
estate,  and  am  fond  of  farming  and  rural  amusements.  As  to  company, 
I  keeji  Init  little,  iiecause  I  cannot  alTord  to  live  in  the  stile  of  my  neigh- 
liours.  Nevertheless  I  am  happy  conlent.  From  this  ;iccount  of  myself, 
I  daresay  you  will  not  be  surprised  when  i  tell  you  thai  F  should  prefer 
a  small  sinecure  governiiieni  at  liome  to  all  future  exi»ectations  in  the 
army.  I  should  be  satislied  willi  anylhing  that  would  lietter  my  income 
Iwo  or  three  iiundred  a  year.  On  llie  oilier  liand  I  do  not  suppose  I 
could  get  put  in  a  lieulenanf  colonel  anywhere  wilhoul  purchasing,  for 
my  friends  are  out  of  power,  and  I  liiink  likely  lo  conlinue  so.  With 
such  interest  I  shoi'ld  :s!an',l  but  a  poor  cliance  in  being  a  candidate  for  a 
I'cgt.  and  I  have  noi  Mie  way  lo  make  rieuds  in  anolher  (luarter  to  assist 
me  in  so  cai»ital  a  Miiiig,  wiierefon'  I  sliall  eiideavoi-  to  make  myself  as 
comfortable  as  I  can  in  my  present  'iituatiou  and  not  sore  beyond  my 
reach. 


678 


THE  GLATVWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 


If  anythiii!,'  slioukl  Oraw  you  into  (hcso  N(U'lh(M-n  parts,  I  should  bo 
t'xti'oniely  jjflad  to  see  yoa  here  in  my  little  way;  if  not  I  do  not  despair  of 
s(M'iii<;-  and  wiMtiii^  ii|miii  you  in  l.oiitlon  lii-fdrc  you  h'avc  llie  Kin^,  il  I 
can  get  leave. 

EndorBod : 

To  Oenernl  Oaee,  February  24,  1774. 

WM.   AMHERST   TO  COh.    BOUQUET. 

New  York,  June  14,  1762. 

Sir:  I  enclose  to  you  the  orders  given  out  here  containing  the  Promo- 
tions that  have  been  made;  I  beg  li'ave  to  congratulate  you  on  seeing 
your  name  amongst  them. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be, 

Sir, 
Yr  Most  ol)edt  humble  Servt. 

Wm.  Amherst. 

Col.  Bouquet. 

Endorsed: 

(loll.  Amh'irst,  .Jqqo  IHIi,  17t)!.    Rioeiyel  the  28th,    Aaswd,  12th  July. 
I  Canadian  .Archivoe,  Soriea  4,  Vol.  4,  page  137.  J    (Promotioae  not  enclosed.       A.  R.) 


11 


LETTER  TO  MAJOR  GLADWIN. 

Fort  Pitt,  the  28th  Aiigi.,  1763. 

Dear  Sir:  I  had  last  night  the  >ery  great  pleasure  to  receive  your  Let- 
ter of  the  28th  July  by  your  express  Andrev/  who  says  he  was  detained 
by  sickness  at  Sandusky.  Your  Letters  for  the  General  are  forwarded. 
A  Mohawk  having  reported  to  Sir  Wm.  Johnson  tliat  De  Troite  was 
tak<'n,  I  could  not  help  being  uneasy  tho  Long  acquainted  with  Indian 

IJeS. 

It  was  a  great  satisfaction  to  me  to  know  from  yourself  that  you  have 
been  able  to  defend  that  post,  with  so  few  men  against  that  multitude, 
what  was  known  below  of  your  firm  and  prudent  conduct  from  the  begin- 
ning of  the  Insurrection  had  obtained  the  General's  approbation,  and 
does  you  the  greatest  honor. 

Tlie  lo^'S  of  all  our  Detach'd  Tosts  is  no  more  than  could  be  expected 
from  Iheir  Defenceless  state,  Hut  Capt.  Campbell's  Death  allects  me 
sensibly. 

I  pity  tlie  unfortunate  who  remain  Yet  in  the  Power  of  the  Barbarians, 
as  every  step  we  take  lo  rescue  them  may  and  will  probably  hasten  (heir 
Death. 

Your  Express  says  that  after  he  left  the  De  Troite,  two  Wiandots  told 
him  that  the  Detachment  of  ^00  men  from  Niagara  had  joyn'd  you  witli 


^'    i 


■*  —• 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 


619 


piovis's.  This  will  fjivo  yon  some  oiise  till  more  eftVcluiil  IJoinforce- 
ments  can  be  sent. 

You  know  that  you  are  to  have  the  Command  of  all  the  Troops  destin'd 
for  Do  Tr oite  and  to  retake  possession  of  the  Country  now  fallen  Into  the 
hiinds  of  the  Enemy.  To  that  effect  the  Ccneral  collects  all  the  Troops 
that  can  be  spar'd  at  Niagara  and  Tresque  Isle. 

The  remains  of  the  42nd  and  77th  were  order'd  (o  Joyn  you  this  way 
when  we  had  Intelligence  that  Venang  had  been  surprised,  Lieut.  Cordon 
aud  all  his  unfortunate  Garrison  murdered.  Lc  Boeuf  abandoned  and 
I'resque  Isle  surrender'd  to  my  unspeakable  astonishment,  as  I  knew  the 
strength  of  that  Block  house  whicu  would  have  been  relieved  from 
Niagara. 

********¥***■«*** 
******************  ***** 

I  am,  Dear  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  and  Humble  Servant, 
Major  Gladwin.  (Sic.) 

Eadoised: 

'Co  Major  Gladwin,  ihih  Angnst,  1763. 
[Oanadian  ArchiveB,  Series  A,  Vol.  18-2,  page  376.] 


LETTEll   FKOM   DAVID   FKANKS. 

Pha.,  Octr.  15,  1763. 
Sir:  This  day  the  post  in  &  brot  accot  of  the  Packetts'  arrival^  and 
prints  to  l(!th  August  frin  England  &  inclosi>  you  the  papers,  containing 
the  most  materia'!  news,  there's  reports  in  Town  that  Sr.  Jeffery  has 
Leave  to  go  home,  &  that  a  Conimissu  for  l>y  Adjutant  Cenerall  is  come 
over  for  Major  Gladwin  and  that  iJOOO  Troops  are  coming  over.  I  have 
not  time  to  Ferutt  out  the  Truth  of  these  reports — nor  is  any  Letters  I 
may  have  yett  come  to  hand,  by  wch  I  might  have  any  advice — No  Let- 
ters frm  Sr.  Jeffery  to  forwd  upj)  there  12  day's  Post  have  advised  him 
of  the  reports  of  the  communication  to  ye  Post  b-jing  again  infested  with 
Indians,  if  any  hope  ye  number  may  be  but  few  &  hourly  expect  ye 
Pleasure  to  hear  from  you,  that  you  and  your  Garrison  are  all  well. 


*     *    *     * 


*     *     *     * 


*     * 


Dear  Sir, 

Yr.  moat  obeidt,  hb.  Servt. 

Endorsed : 

Mr.  D.  Pranks,  l,5iti  Ostober,  176;),    Keceived  ttie6th  Novr. 
[  Canadian  Archives,  Series  A,  Vol.  19-2,  page  49.5.  J 


Davd.  Fkanks. 


[f  ''ipfmmimm*' 


680 


THE  GLAD-WIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 


^■.- 


ll 


MAJOR  GLADWIN   TO  OOL.    BOUQUET. 

Detroit,  Now.  1,  17 63. 
Dear  Sii:  I  am  1o  acknowlcdjio  tho  rocoipt  of  your  two  very  kind  loi- 
ters of  (lie  L'Sth  Aufrast  &  LM)tli  Koptcnibor.  I  congraUilate  yon  on  the 
(Irubbiiiji  you  fiave  tlie  flo<;s  w  liich  doe*  you  so  niueh  honor— and  I  doubt 
not  our  frontier  inhabitants  have  felt  the  pood  effects  of  it,  they  never 
will  enter  into  such  a  war  ajjain.  with  that  eonfidence  they  engaged  in 
this,  which  I  believe  Ihey  would  not  have  undertaken,  but  for  our  good 
subjects  the  French. 

I  have  had  no  late  accounts  from  below,  the  last  I  received  from  th<' 
General  is  of  the  2nd  of  July,  in  which  I  am  ordered  to  establish  the  out- 
posts immediately,  at  the  time  I  received  these  orders,  I  knew  it  was 
impossible  to  con\ply  with  any  part  of  them,  the  event  shows  I  was  right 
in  my  conjectures.  I  am  heartily  w^iried  of  my  command  and  I  have 
signified  the  same  to  Colonel  Amherst,  1  hope  I  shall  be  relieved  soon,  if 
not,  I  intend  to  quit  the  service  for  I  would  not  chuse  to  be  any  longer 
exposed  to  the  villany  and  treachery  of  the  settlement  and  Indians. 

I  hope  the  General  has  countermanded  his  order  about  the  reinforce- 
ment you  were  to  send  me,  because  they  can  be  of  no  use  here  this 
advanced  season— besides  I  don't  see  how  they  can  leave  rrescjue  Isle  if 
they  get  thither,  supposing  that  post  was  re-istablished  which  I  believe 
is  not  the  case,  owing  to  the  loss  of  the  sloop  but  if  they  should  come 
contrary  to  expectation,  you  may  be  assured  Sir,  I  shall  dispatch  the 
Koyal  Americans  immediately,  perhaps  I  may  have  an  opportunity  of 
sending  them  down,  in  lieu  of  other  troops  that  are  coming  up. 

I  need  not  say  any  thing  of  our  affairs  here,  as  you  must  have  heard 
enough  of  it  from  other  hands,  but  I  send  you  my  dispatch  to  the  General 
open  for  your  perusal,  pray  let  me  know  what  passes  in  your  Depart- 
ment, I  shall  be  happy  to  hear  of  your  liealtli  and  welfare  &  believe  me 

to  be, 

Dear  Sir, 

Yours  very  sincerely, 

Henhy  Gladwin. 
I  desire  to  be  remembered  to  the  Gentlemen  with  you,  seal  my  dis- 
patches to  the  General  and  be  kind  enough  to  forward  them  the  first 
opportunity. 

Endorsed: 

Letter  from  Major  (Jlaclwia  to  Coloael  Ron.iaet,  dato'l  Detroit,  Ist  November,  1763.     Received  by 
the  Mohawk  Aron  the  29th  at  night. 
I  tJanadian  Archives,  Series  A,  Vol.  19-1;.  page  520.]  ^ 


l 


1,  J763. 
■  kind  let- 
on  on  the 
id  I  (lonbt 
bey  never 
ngaped  in 
'  our  good 

[  from  the 
}h  the  ont- 
ew  it  was 
was  right 
nd  I  have 
ed  soon, if 
luy  longer 
lans. 

reinforce- 
here  this 
quo  Isle  if 
li  I  believe 
on  Id  come 
spatch  the 
)rtunity  of 

lave  heard 
he  General 
ur  Depart- 
believe  me 


>LAU\V1.\. 

Ml!  my  dis- 
m  the  first 


INDEX. 


86 


I.     Received  by 


:) 


'^^  ->W  ifJWIi  ■!■■■    tWI   * 


I     i 


1  N  I)  E  X 


ri 


:j 


Gladwin  manuscriiiU: 

Abbot,  Lieutenant tl57 

Abraham,  Chapman,  testifies U43 

Albany 848 

Amblln W 

Amherst,  Sir  Jeffrey,  afterwards  Lcrii 
Amherst,  promotes  Gladwin,  607;  ex- 
presses regret  that  Gladwin's  appoint- 
ment was  not  confirmed,  and  again 
commissions  him  major,  607;  removes 
headquarters  from  Quebec  to  New 
York,  618;  fends  Gladwin  to  Dttroit, 
613;  thinks  i'.ilan  conspiracy  of  little 
moment,  613;  his  appreciation  of  Glad- 
win, 609, 810;  letters  to  Gladwin.  BT3;  his 
warrant  for  the  trial  of  Pawnee  slaves, 
671;  letter  to  Secretary  at  War,  676; 
letter  from  Gladwin  to,  675;  letter  to 

Bouquet 678 

Anderson,  Ensign  Robert 639,  64',  650,  658 

Ariek,  M 667 

Arngott,  the  smith j66 

Baby 1*25 

Bain,  Lieutenant  James  . . n.'»l,^io2 

Barnes,  James 657 

Barth  (or  Hart)  Plero  (or  Pero)  gunsmith 
at  Detroit,  640;  eays  Gladwin  caused 
the  Indian  war  by  his  111  treatment 
648;  646;  gives  warning  of  Dalzell's  at- 
tack, 647,  648,  651  ;  receives  belt  as  cou>- 
mander,  653;  657. 

Bean Kf.J 

Beauban  (see  Beaableu^ 

Beaublen <!33 

BeemSi  James 06P  ' 

Beletre,  French  co'-'-nandanl  at  Detroit    r.?;. 

638,  644.  M2 
Bertdge,    Rev.  j,    fatherln-law   of 

G?adwln 1 009 

BlgJaw.chlef  665 

Bloody  Run,  fltchtat 627 

Bolton,  Willi/  •■    soldier,  testimony  oi  MS,  658 
Bostwlck,  He   i' ,   testimony  of,  as  to 

MIchllimackiuac  massacre 606 

Boquet,  Co'  uel  Henry,  commandant  at 
Fort  Pit  ^1'.  6Vl;  gossips  with  Cap- 
tain Cani,  ueli.613;  letter  to  Gladwin, 
678. 

Boquet  papers 606 

Braddock,  General  Edward,  defeat  of  ..      815 

Braddock  House,  at  Alexandria 617 

Bradstreet,  Colonel  Jiihn,  bIseMpedltlon, 
630;  his  disgraceful  peace  repudiated 
630. 

Bruce,  WllUam 868 

Burton,  C.  M.    ;'5,  816,  note. 

Cabbarcher..,      ttf 


Gladwin  mannseripta— ConHnucd.' 

Campbell,  Captain  Donald,  goes  with 
Rogers  to  Detroit,  607;  his  i>opular:t.y, 
612;  a  help  to  Gladwin, 614;  learns  of 
Pontiac's  plot,  617;  smokes  the  neace 
pipe  with  Pontlac,  619;  invited  to  a 
council,  6^1:625,  630,  641,  643;  his  cruel 
death,  80I;  marked  to  be  saved,  657;  678. 

Campeau 656,657,663 

Campean,  Batlst 640 

Campeau.  Chaitoc 667 

Cardin 666 

Cardinal 647.  6«i 

Oa.-llBle,  Fie<l 628  (note.) 

Carver's  'Travels  through  North  Amer- 
ica," 616;  his  story  of  Pontiac's  plot,  618. 

Cass  I^wis,  accepts  Carver's  story 616 

CastRcrew,  Mr 836 

Chain,  Isadore.    (See  Chene.) 
Chain,  Miuy.    (See  Chene.) 

Chavin «;l': 

Chene,  Edward t}07 

Chene,  Isadore 88ii 

Chene,  Miny,  plunders  a  trader,  632;  634; 
liiewenger  for  Pontlac,  637;  657,  658,  660,      'Wl 

CluVit.e,  Loulson 634,  6'j5 

Chin.    (See  Chene.  I 

Chippewa  message  to  the  IlllnolH  French     646 
Christie,  Ensign  .lohn    m,,,  .>u9,  660,  662; 
rei>i>.  '.,s  the  taking; of  Pre^que  Isle,  tiSb. 

ClHyhanr,  John,  murder  of 674 

Olaivmolit 668,  8«3 

Con,,  Mr 635 

Connor,  James,  soldier 649.  «„(>,  65S 

Cooper,  Thomab,  testimony  of  -  661 

Cormick,  Caesar,  declaration  to .     632 

Cote,  M 967,668 

Crawford 634 

"roghan,  George,  deputy  to  Sir  William 

fohnson 612 

Cuillerle,  French  trader,  council  at  the 
house  of,  6i,'l;  Pontiac's  flattery  of,  632; 
jibes  at  Pontlac,  63;?;  640,  641,  643,  666. 
657. 
Cuillerle,  Mademoiselle,  dances  with  Sir 
William  Johnson,  613;  marries  tlames 
Stirling,  613;  the  possible  Informant  of 
Pontiac's  planf>,  615. 
Currle.    (See  CulUerie.) 
Cuyler,    Lieutenant,   brings    aid    from 

Niagara 684,  637 

Cuyless,  Dr 640 

Dab.ell,  Capt.  al  le  10  Gen,  Amherst, 
arrives  at  Detroit,  836;  desires  to  crush 
Pontlac,  626;  hlh  threats.  626;  romance 
of,  fi36  (note);  his  light  at  Bloody  Run 
and  bis  death,  627;  6*6.  647,  my,  his 
defeat,  651. 


I 


614 


INDEX. 


.1 


I 


Oladwtn  maxmaexipU— Continued  ; 

Davero,  "81r"  Robert,  explorcM  Lake 
Superior,  614;  his  family,  614;  H42,  660, 
663. 

DavlBS.    (See  Davers.) 

OeChann 

DeLonar.ne,  Interpreter 

De  Nej  ^n 

Denivlere,  Armable 

Denter,  Loutfian,  Interpreter 

DeQaindre,  Mr.,  cadet  ordered  to  Detroit 
with  dispatches .66S; 

Detroit,  life  at,  608;  settlement  at,  012; 
the  fort  at,  613;  strength  of  garrison  at, 
b%. 

Devarette,  James  la 

Devnlere,  Batlst 842, 

Dlrresseaux,  M 

Disney,  Daniel,  town  major  at  Montreal 

Domelte 

Ducharme 668, 

Dunoir 

DuBsette,  Cba  leB,  649,  660;  rHcelves  bells 
ae  (M)mmanc  er, 

Edwards,  iToha,  soldier 

Esperaioe,  Madame,  despoils  au  Knglish 
trader , 

EthcJngton,  Capt.  Oeorge,  «24,  686;  let- 
ter from,  to  (Had  win 631,639; 

FartI,  interpreter 631. 

Fire-rafts 

Fisher 668, 

Fisher,  Mannlnit'   ■.cstimony  of 

Fl>!her,  W.  Tuenls 

Fleming,  Samson 

Fontasie 

Fort  Charles,  at  the  Illinois 

Franks,   David 

French  at  Detroit,  613;  Ipelined  towards 
the  Indians,  630;  promise  to  bring  Cspt. 
Campbell  bHCl<  to  the  Fart,  621;  hope 
for  Englisii  defeat,  622;  uige  Gladwin 
to  escapii,  623;  messat^e  to  the  Illinois 
French,  645;  furnish  corn  and  horxes 
to  the  Indians,  652;  they  plan  to  attack 
the  English  in  the  Fort,  AW;  paint 
themselves  as  Indians,  659 

Far  trade,  the 612 

Gabriel 647 

Gage,  General  Thorn  :i8,  beginning  of 
Gladwin's  acquaint  ince  with,  607;  suc- 
ceeds Amherst  as  C'immander-lnehlef, 
61G.   Jladwln's  letter  to,  610;  674. 

Garnet.    (See  Jamet.) 

Gaolle,  interpreter 689,670 

Gates,  repudiates  Bradstreet's  peace 636 

Gentlemen's  Magazine,  the,  contains  in- 
formation concerning  Gladwin;  obit- 
uary notice  of  Gladwin,  610. 

George,  soldier 648 

Gladwin,  Charles  Uakene,  of  Belmont 
andStnbbing Gil 

Gladwin,  Dorothy 606 

Gladwin,  Frances,  wlf«Ci  i<'rancls  Glad- 
win      611  I 


649 
664 
667 
640 

676 


655 
648 
662 
667 
640 
669 
663 

ax\ 

059 

042 

670 

632 

626 

669 

646 

668 

632 

670  I 

6.^4  I 

I'Th 


Gladwin  manasoripta— OonMnucd; 

Gladwin,  Henry,  one  of  the  few  great 
Indian  fighters,  606;  lack  of  informa- 
tion concerning,  606;  his  death  and  the 
marriages  of  his  daughters  mentioned 
in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  606; 
second  son  of  the  second  Thomas 
Gladwin;  born  in  1730;  mentioned  in 
British  Army  Lists  as  Lieutenant  of 
48th  Foot;  In  Col.  Dunbur's  regiment 
in  1755;  showed  bravery  at  1  raddock's 
defeat,  where  he  was  wounded,  606;  his 
name  misspelled  in  report  of  battle, 
ti07;  comes  under  the  notice  of  Gen. 
Gage,  607;  sppoinled  major  by  Am- 
herst, 607;  ordered  to  relieve  Niagara, 
607;  makes  chart  of  Lake  Erie,  (i07; 
again  commissioned  major  for  the 
campaign,  607;  pralued  to  the  Duke  of 
Richmond,  607;  at  Niagara,  608;  his 
commission,  608;  arrives  at  Detroit, 
608,613;  Is  taken  ill,  608;  618;  sails  for 
England;  marries  Frances,  daughter 
of  llev.JoIin  Beridge,  609; 617;  declines 
a  majority  in  the  Royal  Americans; 
returns  to  Detroit,  609;  014;  a  poor  let- 
ter writer,  609;  is  promoted,  609;  in  New 
York ;  returns  to  England ;  settles  down 
as  a  country  gentleman;obituary  not  ice 
of;  Irscription  on  his  monument,  610; 
error  In  date  of  his  death ;  his  decend- 
ents,  611:  calls  French  and  Indians 
dogs,  014;  042;  learns  of  Pontiac's  plot, 
615;  crisis  in  his  life,  617;  refuses  Pon- 
tiac's offers,  619;  suspicious  of  Indiati 
promises,  081;  writes  Amherst  that  he 
will  hold  out,  633 ;  refuses  to  surrender, 
625;  has  articles  of  peace  read  to  the 
French,  62.5;  tries  to  dissuade  Dalzell, 
026;  grants  a  truce  to  Puntiac,  029; 
urges  retaliation  on  the  French,  629; 
suggests  that  a  free  sale  of  rum  would 
destroy  the  Indians,  629;  is  commended 
by  Amherst,  629;  promoted  to  be  lien- 
tenant  colonel  and  colonel,  68G;  returns 
to  England,  630;  is  presented  to  George 
III.,  030;  courts  of  inquSry  held  by.  631; 
062;  663;  letter  to  Amherst,  675;  letter  to 
Gage,  877;  letter  to  Bonquet,  680. 
Gladwin,  Henry,  eon  of  Gen.  Gladwin..     610 

Gladwin,  John 606 

Gladwin,  Lemuel 606 

(ilad win,  Mary 606,610,611 

Gladwin,    Mrs.    Henry,    her    portrait 
resembles  pictures  of  Martha  Wash- 
ington, 609;  her  burial-place,  610. 
Gladwin,  the  schooner,  623,  629;  Indian 
attack  of,  627-8. 

Gladwin,  Thomas e;6 

(iladwyn,  Capt.  Richard  Henry  Good- 
win, furnishes  genealogy  of  Gladwin 
family,  606  (tpte);  inherits  from  Rev. 
Henry  Johnson  Goodwin,  the  Goodwin 
estates,  and  takes  the  additional  name 
and  aims  of  Gladwin,  611 ;  sends  photo- 
graphs of  Gen.  and  Mrs.  Gladwin 611 


'-'m&^ 


r 


611 


INDEX. 


G86 


(JladwlD  mannaoripts— Continued.' 

Godfrey,  Jacque «38,  6:17,  B67,  tl58,  660,  6B1 

Gordon,  Lieutenant 679 

Oorrell,  Lieutenant 63tt 

Qonin,  M.,  learns  from  his  wife  of  Iniilan 
treachery,  615;  warns  Englisli  not  to 
trust  tlie  Indians,  631. 

Grant,  Captuin  James 627.  6J5, 

649,  650,  66ii,  666,  657,  660,  663,  661),  668 

Gross  Polnte 646 

Gruereme,  Baptist «B6 

Ualdimand  papers,  as  sources  oi  infor- 
mation      606 

Haliburton,  Sir  Artliur 607 

Uambacic 634 

Hay,  Lieutenant,  scalps  an  Indian 625, 686, 

652,  663 
Holmes.  Ensign,  murder  of  ....624;  436.  637.  660 
Hopkins,  Captain  Joseph. . .636, 837, 638,  639, 867 

Howard.Chim  &  Bostwicli 667 

Huron,  schooner 637 

Illinois  nation  wiped  out 6.10 

Indians,  emissaries  from  the  Six  Nations 
appear  at  Detroit,  613;  learn  of  the 
war  between  England  and  France.  614; 
determine  to  wipe  out  the  English  at 
Detroit,  620;  Wyandottes  promise 
peace,  621 ;  chiefs  ask  Gladwin  for  a 
council,   621;   scalp  and    mangle   the 

bodiesof  the  English 824 

Isle  au  Cochon,  619;  tradition  aa  to 6t9 

Jadeau 662,683 

Jadoc,  Mr.,  declaraHon  of 686,  667 

Jamet,  Lieutenant,  murdered 624,  631 

Jebb,  Rev.  Honry  Gladwyn,  interest  in 
Gladwin  history,  606;  sends  the  Glad- 
win manuscripts  to  America,  606;  de- 
scendant of  Dorothy  Gladwin.  611;  let- 
ters from,  611. 
Jenkins,  Lieut.  Edward,  letters  from.. 633,  834. 

633 

Johnson,  Sir  William,  goes  to  Detroit, 

608;  has  charge  of  Indian  affairs,  613; 

thinks  Indian   conspiracy   universal, 

613:  his  visit  to  Detroit  a  great  social 

event 61.3;  665,  666,  673,  676 

Jordan 668 

Kenbarger : 656 

Keysof  Fort 860 

Knaggs 647,  848 

liabadie,  632,  643;  landlord 658 

La  Beace 669 

La  Bond 634 

La  Butte,  Plero,  interpreter,  617;  testi- 
mony as  to  proceediLf^s  at  Cuilllerie's 
house,  643;  tells  Pontlac  the  story  of 
peace  is  false,  656. 

LaClefl,  French  commissary 684 

La  January,  Father,  tells  of  the  massa- 
cre at  Michilimackinac,  634. 

La  Jenness,  Madame 643 

Lancinir,  Abraham 668 

Landsdowne,  Marquis  of 607 

Langlade, Charles, 626  and  (note);  631, 633, 

667,  668,  669. 
La  Polnte 634 


Gladwin  manuscripts— Citntdiued ; 

liaTlard.  P 840 

Lawrence,  Koburt,  soldier,  testimony  of     661 
Le  Corn,  HI.  Luke,  647,  U48;  send.s  beltti, 
662. 

Le  Deuke 669 

Le  Grand,  Mr 86C 

Lesley.  Mr 639 

Leslie,  Lieut 624,635,631.833 

Ltisperance 663 

LeViUe  Beau.. 667 

LeVorn 670 

Lorrain 635 

Lowdermllk's  History  of  Cumberland..     607 
Ludlow,  Col.  William,  obtains  copies  of 
Gladwin  papers  from  British  War  Of- 
fice, 807  (note). 
McConnie,  John,  soldier,  testifles  as  to 

duplicate  keys  to  the  fort 656,  668 

McCoy,  Capt.  John,  relates  the  capture 

oftheMlamis  fort 660 

MacDonald,  616  (note) 840 

HcDougall.  Lieut.  George,  615;  goes  with 
Campbell  to  the  Indian  council,  631, 
635;  escapes  to  the  fort,  6i!6;  638;  relates 
story  of  his  and  Capt.  Campbell's  con- 

flnement 64l;68l,  668 

McEllls,  Rt.  Hon 676 

Mackinac    (See  Michilimackinac). 
McMillan,    James,    Senator,    requests 

copies  of  Gladwin  papers 607 

Mahlgan,   an    Ottawa  Indian,    reveals 

Pontlac's  plot  to  Gladwin 618 

Malr,  Arthur 675 

Malsonville 635 

Maloshe,  Francois,  840;  trades  with  In- 
dians against  G  lid  win's  orders 843 

Massack,  Mr 652,  663 

Mayack 651 

Mayerin,  H.,  says  the  young  Frenchmen 
would  assist  Pontlac  with  arms  as  well 

as  spades 643 

Meares,  Thomas,  soldier,  taken  prisoner 
at    Sandusky,    sees    Capt.    Campbell 

ki.'ed «l 

Melociie,  M 823,647 

Meloshe,  Batist 840 

Meloshe,  Mathias 661 

Meloshes,  assist  the  Indians 650 

Meloss,  Frank 649,  86« 

Mlamis,  The,  slaughter  at,  633;  French 
aid  in  Its  destruction,  833 ;  details  of 
the  attack  on,  637,  838;  capture  of,  857, 

660;  flies  French  colors 558 

Michilimackinac,  massacre 631 

Michilimackinac,  capitulation  of  Mon- 
treal announced  at,  807;  massacre  at.. 

824,  633,  866 

Mitchell 648 

MoDckton,  Colonel  Robert,  807 ;  letter  to 

Gladwin :..      873 

Montcalm,  Marquisde 630 

Montressor,  Lieut 676 

Moran,  Edmund,  letter  from 635 

Nevarre,  refuses  to  assure  Pontlac  of 
French  sympathy 666 


If  '  ■— 


686 


INDEX. 


t  i 


t 
1 


"'Mr 


Oladwln  manuHcriptH— OuMt<MU«(i.' 

Newburg,  the  Earl  of,  marries  Dorothy 
Gladwin,  daughter  of  John  Gladwin.     DOS 

New  Orleans BM 

New  York  to  be  Uken 880 

Neyon»,  de  (see  VlUiere). 

Niagara 617.620 

Obaln,  Sancho  P..'. 640 

Onlatlnon.dliturbancesat 634;  636 

Packs,  John,  soldier 65:) 

Parents  Creek 827 

Parkman,  Francis,  his  "Conspiracy  of 
Pontlac,"  606;  mlBSpells  Gladwin's 
nnme,605;  visit  to, 606;  his  manuscripts 
in  the  Mnssaohnsetts  Historical  Hool- 
ety  Library,  606;  (109;  clings  to  Carver's 
story,  016;  680. 
Paully,  Bnslgn  H.,  his  statement  as  to 
Sandusky,  628,  6;)6;  adopted  by  an 
Indian  widow,  but  eHcapes  OS);  661. 

Panly,  Christopher «80 

Perry,  Ensign 638,6.53 

Pontlac,  an  Ottawa  chief,  his  place  In 
history,  805;  on  Isle  a  la  Peche.  619;  re- 
portsof,  too  highly  colored,  619;  his  age 
and  power,  619;  saves  the  French  at 
Detroit,  619;  leads  the  Ottawas  at  Little 
Meadows,  019;  relates  his  dream  to  the 
council,  619;  assumes  command  at  De- 
troit, 619;  Ills  treachery  discovered,  619; 
begins  the  attack  on  Detroit,  819; 
encamps  above  Detroit,  6^;  dances  the 
war  dance,  680;  treachery  towards 
Capt.  Campbell  and  Lieut.  McDougall, 
622;  his  character,  622;  success  of  h's 
plotting,  623 ;  usee  a  French  cLaIr  as  a 
conveyance  and  issaes  credit  certifl- 
cates,  63S;  summons  Gladwin  to  sur- 
render, 626;  his  appeal  to  the  French, 
628,  644;  answer  of  de  Neyeon,  628-9; 
Pontlac  sues  for  peace,  629;  failure  of 
his  conspiracy,  629;  his  murder  and 
barlal,  630;  658;  councils  with  the 
French,  656;  Pontlac  at  Fcrt  Pitt,  662; 
calls  English  liars,  663;  commands 
prisoners  to  be  burned,  664. 

Pontlac  diary,  the 616 

Potle,  Pere,  Jesuit 856 

Ponlett,  Ensign 640 

Predume 857 

Pre'que  Isle,  destruction  of 6.S7 

Quebec  to  betaken 660 

Rannoc 658,689 

Reaume,  Hyacinth 842 

Reanme,  Plero 642 

Rentaigue 857 

Rbenbeauz 661 

Rivier 870 

Robertson,  Captain,  murdered 818, 642 

Boblnson 650,663 

Rogers,  Major  Robert,  ordered  to  Bllchi- 
llmackloac,  607;  at  Bloody  Run,  627; 
president  court  of  Inquiry,  6.52;  allowed 
to  take  possession  of  Detroit,  662. 

Roseboom,  Gairlt 668 

Bum,  absence  o',  makes  for  peace 813 


Gladwin  manuscripts— Continued: 

Rutherford,  Mr 689,640 

Hagama 66» 

St.  Andrew 667 

8t.  Anbergo,  Jacoe,  helps  to  build  Are 
rafta,  660;  661:  keeps  Indians  posted, 
662. 

8t.  Bernard 657 

8t.  Uayler,  on  Lake  Erie 661 

Ht.  Joseph,  612;  capture,  624;  disturb- 
ances at,  884,  838;  detailed  account  of 
the  capture  of,  836. 

St.  Martin,  interpreter 666 

St.  Obaigues,  the,  with  the  Campaus,  the 

prominent  people  of  the  town 886 

St.  Pier 607 

Sandusky,  capture  of,  821;  detailed 
account  of  the  capture  of,  636. 

Sanpear,  Indian 667 

Sans  Chagarlne,   refuses    English    his 

house  at  Michlllmackinac 866 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 612 

Schlcott.  Navarre 6.56,667 

Schlosser,  Ensign  Joseph  1 830 

Schlosser,  Lieutenant,  captured  and  ex- 
changed  624;  633 

Seger,  John,  647,  848;  taken  prisoner  at 
Grand   River,  testlfles  as  to   French 

promises 652;  65:1 

Severlngs,  John,  soldier,  testimony  of, 

660;  works  on  Are  rafU 650;  662 

Shawanese,  letter  from,  on  behalf  of  the 

English 671 

Shelbarger,  soldier 839 

Shields,  Cummin "      868 

Six  Nations,  speech  of 672 

Smallman U71 

Solomon,  Ezekiel,  testifies  as  to  French 

thefts 607.  6«8 

Spear,  Joseph,  letter  to 636 

Sterling,  James,  613, 816:  616  (note) ;  takes 

service  under  Glad  win 828;  632, 841 

Stnbbing,  near  Chesterfield,  Gladwin's 

home 610 

Teala,  Huron  chief 662 

Teata,  Wyandotte  chief 665 

Teller,  Gerrit,  trader 847, 648, 1149 

Tessno,  Joseph 667 

Thompson,  Sir  Ralph 607 

Tibot 868 

TIconderoga 817 

TIffoc 657 

Tonnanceur,  Madeline  de,  romance  con- 
cerning       626 

Toronto 647,852 

Tracy,  a  trader,  murdered 624 

Trueax,  Andreas,  testimony  of 645,648 

Trueaz,  Isaac 648 

Turnball 648 

Uphaugb,    R.    D.    de,    correspondence 

with 606 

VlUiere,  Peter  Joseph  Neyeon  de,  major 
commandant  of  tbe  French  of  the  Illi- 
nois  828;  663,  655 

Wabacumaga,  Indian  chief,  refuses  to 
fight  tbe  English 647,848 


I 


INDEX. 


im 


681),  S40 
..  6S0 
..      887 

re 
i, 

..  657 
..      661 

ll- 

..    oaa 

le 

..  666 
..  607 
Id 

..     667 

666 
618 
8S7 
636 

633 

B6» 

im 

671 
639 
668 
678 
U71 

668 
63fi 

6il 

610 
668 
665 
1149 
667 
607 
668 

617 

657 

con- 

828 

....647,662 

624 

646,848 

648 

648 

lence 

606 

uajor 

3  1111- 

628;653,  U56 
tea  to 
....647,848 


Gladwin  mannscrlpto— OmMnued ; 

Waggeman f^<  869 

Walters,  Major,  commandant  at  Niagara 

606:609,680,873 

Wapaumagen 868 

Washington,  George,  In  campaign  with 

Gladwin 607.617 

Welch,  John,  taken  prisoner  by  French- 
men, 638;  murdered,  638;  667,  860. 
Wilkinson,  an   English    trader,   plans 
mnrderof  Pontiac 630 


Gladwin  manascrlpta— ConKnued; 

Williams,  Lieutenant  Richard 839,  668 

WIngerwort  church,Gladwln  monument 

In  810 

Winston,   Richard,    merchant    at    8t. 

.Ioseph'8,  l«tter  from,  to  Detroit  mer- 

chants 6.14 

Wynyard,  Gen.  William,  marries  Jane 

Gladwin 608 


I 


I 


